2种盐度和3种糖源对凡纳滨对虾生长和糖代谢的影响

Effects of Two Salinities and Three Sugar Sources on Growth and Glucose Metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei

本试验旨在研究2种盐度和3种糖源对凡纳滨对虾生长和糖代谢的影响。以体重为(0.39±0.01) g的720尾凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,采用3×2双因素试验设计,选取12‰、30‰2种盐度,葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉3种糖源,共计6个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复40尾虾,进行为期56 d的养殖试验。结果表明:1)糖源对终末体重、特定生长率、增重率均有显著影响(P<0.05),表现为蔗糖组高于其他2个组,对存活率、肝体比无显著影响(P> 0. 05);对30‰盐度下的蛋白质效率有显著影响(P<0.05)。盐度对终末体重、特定生长率、增重率有显著影响(P<0.05),表现为12‰盐度高于30‰盐度。糖源和盐度的交互作用对终末体重和特定生长率有显著影响(P<0.05)。2)糖源和盐度对肝糖原含量无显著影响(P>0.05),糖源和盐度的交互作用对肝糖原含量也无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲喂4 h后,肌糖原含量在2个盐度下均有显著差异(P<0.05),表现为淀粉组高于其他组,在饲喂前及饲喂后2和6 h,不同盐度下的肌糖原含量有显著差异(P<0.05),表现为30‰盐度高于12‰盐度,糖源和盐度的交互作用对肌糖原含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)糖源对肝胰脏脂肪合成酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、磷酸果糖激酶、谷丙转氨酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05);表现为淀粉组高于其他组;盐度对肝胰腺脂肪合成酶、磷酸果糖激酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和谷草转氨酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),表现为12‰盐度高于30‰盐度。盐度和糖源的交互作用对脂肪合成酶和谷丙转氨酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05)。由此得出,以12‰盐度下蔗糖组效果最优,该条件对对虾生长有良好促进作用。

In order to study the effects of two salinities and three sugar sources on the growth and glucose metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei,a total of 720 Litopenaeus vannamei with initial body weight of(0. 39 ±0.01) g were selected. A 3×2 two factors experimental design with 2 salinities of 12‰ and 30‰ and 3 sugar sources of glucose,sucrose and starch was carried out. There were 6 treatments,and every treatment had 3 replicates with 40 Litopenaeus vannamei in each replicate. The feeding experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the sugar sources had significant effects on final body weight,specific growth rate and weight gain rate(P < 0. 05),and glucose group was higher than other two groups;had no significant effects on survival rate and hepatopancreas somatic index(P>0.05);had significant effects on protein efficiency ratio under 30‰ salinity(P < 0. 05). The salinity had significant effects on final body weight,specific growth rate and weight gain rate in glucose group(P<0.05),and 12‰ salinty was higher than 30‰ salinty.The interaction of salinity and sugar sources had significant effects on final body weight and specific growth rate(P<0.05). 2) The salinity and sugar sources had no significant effects on the hepatic glycogen content(P>0.05),and the interaction of salinity and sugar sources had no significant effects on the hepatic glycogen content(P>0.05). After feeding 4 h,the muscle glycogen content had significant difference between two salinity(P<0.05),and starch group was higher than other groups;before feeding and after feeding 2 and 6 h,the muscle glycogen content had significant difference between two salinity(P<0.05),and 30‰ salinty was higher than 12‰ salinty;the interaction of salinity and sugar sources had no significant effects on the muscle glycogen content(P>0.05). 3) Sugar sources had significant effects on the activities of lipid synthase,malate dehydrogenase,phosphofructokinase,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and succinate dehydrogenase(P < 0. 05),and starch group was higher than other groups. While salinity had significant effects on the activities of lipid synthase,phosphofructokinase,alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,succinate dehydrogenase and glutathione transaminase(P<0.05),and 12‰ salinty was higher than 30‰ salinty. The interaction of salinity and sugar sources had significant effects on the activities of lipid synthase and alanine aminotransferase(P<0.05). It is concluded that the sucrose group under 12‰ salinity has the best effect,and has a good promoting effect on Litopenaeus vannamei growth.