从“各美其美”到“美美与共”——费孝通看梁漱溟乡村建设主张

From Ge Mei Qi Mei to Mei Mei Yu Gong: Fei Xiaotong on Liang Shuming’s Rural Construction Proposition

梁漱溟和费孝通两位都是乡村发展史和学术思想史上的重要人物,本文主要讨论费孝通对梁漱溟乡村建设主张的态度。对年轻的费孝通而言,其学科训练、师友影响以及士绅家庭背景都令他对梁漱溟的乡村建设主张抱持保留和质疑的态度;历经数十年人生风雨,经过晚年的反思与补课,费孝通重新认识并走近了梁漱溟,对其乡村建设主张的认识也实现了从“各美其美”到“美美与共”的转变。梁漱溟与费孝通两位先生关于中国乡村社会的真知灼见是中国社会科学推进本土化的标志和重要成果,对于深入认识和有效解决当下的乡村问题具有重要的参考价值。

Both Liang Shuming and Fei Xiaotong are important figures in the history of rural development and academic thought. This article mainly discusses Fei Xiaotong s attitude towards Liang Shuming s proposition of rural construction. Disciplinary training, academic inheritance from his mentors, and the gentry family background led the young Fei Xiaotong to hold a reserved attitude towards Liang Shuming s idea of rural construction. After decades of turbulent life and contemplations in his later years, Fei Xiaotong was drawn closer to Liang Shuming s thought and recognized its merits. His understanding of Liang Shuming s proposition of rural construction transformed from Ge Mei Qi Mei (find your beauty) to Mei Mei Yu Gong (share the beauty and achieve unity). These two thinkers ideas of local reconstruction symbolize important achievements of the localization of Chinese social sciences, and continue to shed light on the existing problems of rural development in China.