棚户区改造与新型社区建设——四种低收入者住区的比较研究

Shantytown Renovation and New Type of Community Construction——A Comparative Study on Four Low-income Settlements

2005年开启的大规模棚户区改造彻底改变了中国城市低收入者的人居环境,同时引发了城镇社区巨变,超过一亿人居住的棚改新区成为中国城镇新的社区类型。本文首先概述棚户区改造的时空演进特征与类型特征;基于四类棚户区改造案例的实地调研,阐述了棚户区改造前的城市社会断裂与棚改新区低收入者居住阶层地位的上升流动,并提炼出棚改新区作为中国新型社区的整体性特征;进而提出重塑社区的“根”与“魂”,以实现城市低收入者“去棚户化”、融入城市社会的未来发展方向。

The large-scale shantytown renovation initiated in 2005 has completely changed the living environment of low-income residents in Chinese cities. At the same time, it has caused great changes in urban communities. The renovated communities where more than 100 million people live have become a new type of community in China s cities and towns. This paper firstly summarizes the temporal and spatial evolution of shantytown reconstruction, its characteristics and different types. Secondly, based on the fieldwork of four types of shantytown reconstruction cases, this paper expounds the urban social rupture before the shantytown transformation and the social mobility of low-income residents in the reconstructed community. It also refines the holistic feature of renovated new community as the new type of community in China. Finally, this paper argues that it is necessary to reshape the “roots and souls” of the community in order to realize “shantytown removal” and integrate the residents into the urban society in future development.