从陕西旬邑枣林河滩遗址出土动物遗存看古豳地先周时期生业经济

A Study of the Pre-Zhou Subsistence Economy in the Ancient Bin Area Using Faunal Remains from the Site of Zaolinhetan in Xunyi, Shaanxi Province

文章运用动物考古学方法研究陕西旬邑枣林河滩遗址出土的先周时期动物遗存。对动物种属、数量和比例的分析以及对主要家养动物猪、黄牛、羊的重点研究表明,枣林河滩遗址肉食资源的获取方式以饲养家畜为主,其中黄牛的肉量供给占比最高,其次为猪、羊。除作为肉食资源外,羊的饲养可能还与奶资源的开发有关。家养动物主要是遗址内部饲养和消费,这与遗址乡村型聚落的性质相吻合。枣林河滩遗址的生业经济类型应为农业与畜牧业并行,捕鱼狩猎处于次要地位,这符合遗址所处的自然环境。

We used zooarchaeological methods to analyze animal remains dating to the pre-Zhou period unearthed from the site of Zaolinhetan in Xunyi, Shaanxi, with an emphasis on animal remains dated to the pre-Zhou period. The site is located in the core of the ancient Bin area. Domestic animals constituted a stable source of meat consumption at the site during the pre-Zhou period. The analysis of species, quantitative proportions, and age profiles of the animal assemblage suggests that cattle, pigs, sheep, and goat were raised mainly for meat resources. Sheep and goat ay have been exploited for milk to some extent as well. Zaolinhetan residents consumed meat for their own, showing a self-sufficient model, it is also likely that meat was supplied to other sites nearby. This reflected the nature of the site as a country-level settlement. We inferred that the economic pattern at Zaolinhetan was a combination of agriculture and stock grazing supplemented by wild animal fishing and hunting, which was in conformity with the natural landscape surrounding the site.