近代乡村社会环境变迁的乡土叙事:浙南乡绅张的日常生活史考察

The Native Narrative of Rural Social Environment for Modern China:The Daily Life of a Gentry from Southern Zhejiang

在大历史的线性叙事下,近代乡村社会环境演变同样呈现出一定的地方路径。张在其横跨半个世纪的日记中展示了晚清民国时期浙南温州乡村社会环境的部分实态。与废科举之于乡村士子“毁灭性”打击的概念化表述不同,废科举、兴学堂之际,张等人积极接纳和推进这一重大制度变革。常认为,清末新政以降,国家政权下沉致使乡村社会权力异化,但直至20世纪20年代中期,张依然享有旧式权威并承担相应职责;国民政府治下,国家权力渗透使旧时的乡村精英退场,却并不意味着土豪劣绅的继起,而是强势国家权力对乡村资源的直接榨取。从张氏日常生活历程来看,直到南京国民政府统治前,这里的乡村世界还属于传统的“田园生活”,此后,“黑暗”“乱世”几近成为他表述乡村社会环境的全部修辞。张的个人生命史从个案演绎了国家权力作用下浙南乡村精英的时代命运与他们视野中政权合法性的丧失。

Being different from the linear history, the rural social environment in southern Zhejiang reflects its own development path.Zhang Gang’s diary showed us the reality of rural social environment in southern Zhejiang, especially in areas around Wenzhou in the period of late Qing Dynasty and early Republican times.Being different from the grand narrative that the abolition of imperial examination system has a destructive blow on country intellectuals, during the period of abolishing imperial examination system and building new schools, country gentry played an important role in active acceptance and guidance towards the significant systematic vicissitude.Being different from the general description that since Late Qing Reform, the state power penetrated into the country and the country power alienated, country gentries were still enjoyed old style authority until the early 1920s.But after the Nanjing National Government controlled Zhejiang, under the struggle and penetration of party and government power, country elites soon lost their authority, which didn’t mean the appearance and substitution of a new authority and led to a disorder trend of social power.From the perspective of Zhang Gang’s daily life, villages still presented the appearance of traditional country lifestyle until 1920s. However, under the governance of the Nanjing National Government, darkness and turbulence can nearly be seen as all the contents about describing country life.Zhang Gang’s daily life interpreted fates of country elites in southern Zhejiang of the time under the influence of state power and the collapse of regime legitimacy under his view.