清前期的盗宰耕牛之风及治理——以陈宏谋执政期间的江西、湖南、江苏为中心

Farm Cattle Stealing and Illicit Slaughter and the Government’s Copying with Them in Early Qing Dynasty——Focusing on the Provinces Jiangxi,Hunan and Jiangsu governed under Chen Hongmou the highest officer of these areas

清前期,虽然法律明令禁止盗窃、私宰耕牛,但是边疆与内地的盗宰行为却依然较为普遍,陈宏谋任职过的江西、湖南、江苏等省,风气尤盛,犯罪活动猖獗。汤锅、宰户帮助偷牛贼迅速销赃,增加案件的侦办难度。胥吏的庇护与地方官员的渎职也扰乱正常的行政与执法秩序。各地普遍存在的盗宰耕牛行为不但违背国家政策,还严重影响了农业生产的正常开展。陈宏谋在任职地,缉捕窃牛案犯,严格按照《大清律例》中的相关条款,从重究处涉案人员;查禁汤锅、铺户,以堵塞盗窃、私宰耕牛之源,并加强对病牛、残牛宰卖的管理。陈氏还追责舞弊的胥吏与失察的官员,以确保耕牛盗宰案件能够得到顺利查办。

During the early period of Qing Dynasty,the law forbade stealing cattle and illicit slaughters strictly,but the actions happened frequently in many localities,and in the provinces Jiangxi,Hunan and Jiangsu were more serious.Secret abattoirs and beef-sellers helped thieves dispose the stolen cattle,increasing the difficulty of case investigation.Local officials’dereliction and petty officials’jobbery disturbed the order of administration.The crimes broke the law and influenced agricultural production hardly.Chen Hongmou seized criminals and penalized involved people severely,meanwhile,he ban secret abattoirs and beef-sellers and monitored the action of killing sick cattle,furthermore,he also punished malfeasants,ensuring cases investigated and dealt with accordingly.