清代以来玉米在长江下游山区的传种动因初探

Preliminary Study on the Propagation and Planting of Maize in Mountain Areas in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River since the Qing Dynasty

玉米在传入长江下游的近百年后,日渐在该域山区获得广泛传播种植,先后形成约40个县域种植区。本文从自然和社会的双重视角梳理玉米在该域山区的传种动因:自然因素是传统五谷杂粮背景下山区丰富的“闲土”资源,玉米的生物特性决定了其适合山区农业生态环境和生活环境,奇特的外表易于引人关注;社会因素中的乏食问题是根本,官方山土垦殖政策和种粮口号、山民追求玉米生产的丰厚收益、饮食习惯和市场对玉米的认可和接纳、农业技术进步等因素亦不能忽视。传种动因的梳理,揭示了玉米在该域山区传种的可能性、必要性和必然性,并为探讨玉米传种与环境变迁问题作铺垫。

After nearly a hundred years of introduction into the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, maize has been widely spread and planted in mountainous areas, forming about 40 county planting areas successively.This paper combs the driving forces of propagation and planting of maize in mountainous areas from both natural and social perspectives: natural factors are abundant "idle soil" resources in mountainous areas under the background of traditional grain crops, the biological characteristics of maize determine that it is suitable for the agricultural ecological and living environment in mountainous areas, and its peculiar appearance is easy to attract attention.The problem of lack of food in social factors is fundamental, and other factors can not be ignored: the official land reclamation policy and grain planting slogan, the mountain people's pursuit of the rich benefits of corn production, dietary habits and market recognition and acceptance of corn, agricultural technology progress, etc.The combing of the driving forces reveals the possibility, necessity and inevitability of maize propagation and planting in the mountainous areas, and paves the way for discussing the problems of maize propagation, planting and environmental change.