农民家庭收入地区差异的微观机制研究

A Study on the Micro-mechanism of the Discrepancy in Farmer’s Household Income in Different Regions

在业已形成全国统一劳动力市场的条件下,农民家庭收入的东中西部差异却依然较大,这与地区间工业化发展程度、市场就业机会和劳动力市场化程度不同有关,它们通过不同的微观机制作用于东中西部农民家庭,使不同地区农民家庭的收入形成差异。其中区域工业化发展程度是基础,市场就业机会和劳动力市场化程度是其派生变量。东部农村工业化发展程度和市场就业机会的优势,通过当地市场化程度较高的劳动力而容易转化为较高的工资性收入。中西部农村劳动力市场化程度相对较低,是抑制其工资性收入提高的重要原因。在东中西部农村存在一时难以逆转的工业化发展程度和市场就业机会等差异的情况下,缩小地区间农民收入差距,提高中西部农民的家庭收入,最主要的途径是提高其劳动力的市场化程度,使其劳动力得以充分调动和合理配置,并减少有较大劳动力机会成本的人情酒席等文化性消费。

On condition that a unified labor market has formed in China, the difference of farmers’ household income between the east, the central and the west is still large, which is related to the degree of regional industrialization, market employment opportunities and labor market marketization. These factors impact farmers’ families in the east, the central and the west through different micro-mechanisms, and result in indiscrepancy in the income of these families in different regions. Among the three factors, the degree of regional industrialization is the foundation, while market employment opportunities and labor market marketization are its derivative variables. In rural areas in the east, the advantages of higher industrialization and market employment opportunities can lead to higher wage income mediated by higher degree of labor market marketization. In rural areas in the central and the west, the relatively low degree of marketization of rural labor force is a key factor that restrains the increase of income increase. As a result, given the difference in the degree of industrialization development and market employment opportunities in the countryside of the east, the central and the west, the most important way to narrow the gap among the farmers’ household income,especially to increase the family income of the farmers in the central and the west is to improve the degree of labor force marketization, so that their labor force can be fully mobilized and allocated. The cultural consumption such as relationship building banquets with greater labor opportunity costs will also be reduced.