矿井构造预测及其在瓦斯突出评价中的意义

Mine geological structure prediction and its significance for gas outburst hazard evaluation

矿井构造是制约煤炭生产的最重要因素之一,不仅直接影响到煤矿生产效率,同时对矿井瓦斯突出和突水等严重威胁煤矿安全生产的地质灾害具有重要的控制作用。因此矿井构造预测与评价不仅是煤矿生产中亟待解决的实际问题,也是一个重要的科学难题。本文较为系统地评述了我国矿井构造预测以及矿井构造对瓦斯赋存与突出的控制作用的研究现状,并以阳泉矿区新景矿为例阐释了依据区域地质背景-矿井构造-煤体变形特征-构造煤发育及其瓦斯特性进行瓦斯赋存与突出预测的研究思路、内容与技术方法。研究表明,20世纪80年代以前矿井构造研究以定性评价和预测为主;20世纪90年代至21世纪初,矿井构造预测从定性的描述到定量评价取得了实质性的进展,但近年进展较为缓慢,指出基于地质实际的数理方法、地球物理探测和计算机技术的多源信息融合预测理论与方法是矿井构造定量预测和评价重要发展方向;分别从断裂、褶皱和层滑构造等方面阐释了瓦斯赋存与突出的构造控制的研究现状,指出目前多限于某些特定因素或静态的分析,而以矿井构造预测为基础,深入剖析矿井构造控制下的不同类型构造煤的发育、演化及分布规律,揭示不同类型构造煤的瓦斯地质特征是瓦斯突出预测的发展趋势;新景矿的实例剖析表明,EW向与NNE—NE向褶皱叠加复合独具特色的矿井构造对构造煤发育和瓦斯赋存具有关键控制作用,揭示了瓦斯非均质性分布的构造动力学机制。

Mine geological structure,one of the most important factors restricting coal production,not only directly influences the efficiency of coal production,but also significantly controls geological hazards including gas outburst and water inrush,which seriously threatens the production safety of coal mines.Thus,the prediction and assessment of mine geological structures are not only practical problems urgently to be solved in coal production,but also important science puzzles.In this paper,the research status of mine geological structure prediction and its control on gas occurrence and outburst in China are systematically reviewed.The evaluation theory,comment and technical methods of gas occurrence and outburst prediction are explained on the basis of “regional geology background-mine geological structure-coal deformation characteristics-development and gas properties of tectonically deformed coal (TDC)” by taking Xinjing mine of Yangquan mining area as an example.Research shows that the studies on mine geological structure focus mainly on qualitative evaluation and prediction before 1980s,and substantive progress was made from qualitative description to quantitative evaluation from 1990s to the early 20-th century,while the progress was relatively slow in recent years.It is pointed out that the geological-condition-based multi-information fusion of mathematical methods,geophysical exploration,and computer techniques will be an important development direction of mine geological structure quantitative prediction and evaluation.The current research about the control of faults,folds and interlayer slip structures on gas occurrence and outburst is confined to static analysis or some specific factors,while based on the prediction of mine geological structure,deeply analyzing the development,evolution and distribution of different TDCs and revealing their gas geological characteristics are the development trend of gas outburst prediction.The case study of Xinjing mine shows that the distinctive mine geological structures due to the superposition of EW and NNE-NE folds play some significant controlling roles on the development of tectonically deformed coals and gas occurrence law and reveals the structural dynamics mechanism of gas heterogeneous distribution.