美国K-12在线教育的发展与启示——基于2013-2017年度 NEPC虚拟教育发展报告的分析

Development and Enlightenment of American Online Education: On the Basis of the Annual Reports by the NEPC on Virtual Education in the U.S. from 2013 to 2017

美国国家教育政策中心(NEPC)发布的美国在线教育发展系列报告对全美公立K-12全日制虚拟学校和混合学校发展状况进行了客观介绍和分析。该系列报告指出近年来美国K-12在线学校发展迅速,但其教育质量与传统学校教育质量相比尚存差距。其原因在于在线教育的相关政策仍不尽完善,使其监管和问责乏力;营利性在线学校重“量”轻“质”,“趋利”动机明显。结合美国的相关经验及当前我国在线教育的实情,为进一步推动我国在线教育的发展,国家层面应出台在线教育监管政策、建立在线教育数据库,从宏观上加强在线教育市场的监管;积极探索在线教育质量的评价标准和评价体系、构建在线教育质量动态监测评估机制、施行在线教育质量第三方评估服务,从中观上重视在线教育的质量评估;明确在线教师的准入标准、构建在线教师质量认证与考核制度,从微观上规范在线教育教师队伍的建设。

The NEPC released a series of reports on virtual education in the United States. It objectively introduced and analyzed the development process and current status of K-12 public online schools in the United States, and it pointed out that the K-12 online schools are growing rapidly in recent years, but the quality is far behind the traditional school's. The reason is that the relevant policy of online education in U.S. is still not perfect, which makes its supervision and accountability weak, and the for-profit schools give priority to school economics rather than students' learning. In view of this, we suggest that we should formulate policies at the national level and establish the online education database, to strengthen the supervision of the online education market from the macro perspective;Secondly, we should explore the evaluation standard and evaluation system, construct a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism of online education quality, and implement the third-party evaluation services about online education quality, to emphasize the quality evaluation of online education from the middle concept;Besides, we should make clear the admission standard of online teachers, construct online teacher quality certification and assessment system, to standardize the construction of teachers' team in online education from the micro perspective.