辽宁省农业产业链识别研究

Agricultural Industry Chain Identification of Liaoning Province

传统方法的农业产业链识别仅有产业关联唯一维度,产业链中的经济距离以及其他产业的相对地位没有被纳入模型。产业关联、经济距离和最小支撑树理论的同时引人,使农业产业链的识别具有更多维度,从而使得农业产业链的特征呈现得更为完备。其中,产业关联利用投入系数矩阵和产出系数矩阵进行测度,既考虑需求因素又考虑供给因素;产业之间的完全关联是累积完成的,经济距离反映这种累积效应的快慢;最小支撑树是图论中的重要概念,可以使农业产业链结构更清晰。研究将三种方法结合起来识别辽宁省农业产业链。在计算经济距离后发现,产业间的经济距离绝大部分都是两步依赖,产业与产业间的距离较远;产业内的经济距离显示纺织业、服装鞋帽制造业以及木材加工和家具制造业的经济距离小于两步,这些产业在地理上的集聚效应相对较强。利用最小支撑树的计算结果发现化学工业在农业产业链中处于较为特殊的地位。根据计算结果,推进农业、制造业和服务业深度融合发展;对产业内经济距离小于2.0的产业,应发挥其地理集聚效应;大力发展化学工业,提升辽宁省农业全产业链的竞争力。

In the perspective of traditional methods, industrial relationship is the only dimension which the identification of agricultural industrial chain depends on, for economic distance and the relative position of other industries in industry chain are not included in the model. The simultaneous introduction of such theories as industrial relationship,economic distance and minimum spanning tree makes the identification of agricultural industry chain have more dimensions and thus makes the characteristics of agricultural industry chain more complete. In these dimensions, industrial relationship is measured by input coefficient matrix and output coefficient matrix, which considers both demand and supply factors. The complete correlation between industries is cumulative,economic distance reflects the speed of cumulative effect, and the minimum spanning tree is an important concept in the graph theory, which makes the structure of agricultural industry chain clearer. The combination of industrial relationship, economic distance and minimum spanning tree is put forward to identify the agricultural industry chain of Liaoning Province. After economic distance is calculated, it is found that the economic distance between industries are mostly two-step dependence, and the distance between industries is relatively long. The economic distance within industry shows that the economic distance between the industries of cottonocracy, clothing, shoes and hats manufacturing and the industries of wood processing and furniture manufacturing is less than two steps,and the agglomeration effect of such industries is relatively strong. The calculation with the minimum spanning tree theory shows that chemical industry is in a special position in agricultural industry chain. Based on the calculation above, it is put forward that the deep integration of agriculture, manufacturing and service industries should be promoted;the industries within which economic distance is less than 2.0 give full play to the geographic agglomeration effect;and chemical industry be developed vigorously to strengthen the competitiveness of the whole agricultural industry chain of Liaoning Province.