江苏省0～2岁儿童超重与母亲妊娠期及围生期饮食情况的关系研究

Relationship of overweight in children aged 0-2 years with maternal gestational and perinatal dietary status in Jiangsu province

目的分析0~2岁儿童超重相关的母亲妊娠期及围生期饮食习惯等因素,为控制0~2岁儿童超重提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样,2013年对江苏省2个监测点的537名0~2岁儿童及母亲进行了体格饮食情况与健康状况等问卷调查。采用logistic回归法分析了0~2岁儿童超重的影响因素。结果有效样本487例,0~2岁儿童超重率为39.0%(190/487),其中男童超重率低于女童(χ^2=4.60,P<0.05)。0~12月龄儿童超重率高于13~24月龄儿童(χ^2=7.40,P<0.05)。孕母孕前超重率为28.5%(139/487),孕期饮食量变化者占6.6%(32/487)以及孕期补充营养补充剂者占6.8%(33/487)。在调整了可能的人口学及其它影响因素后,孕母孕前超重(BMI>25 kg/m^2)人群相对正常(BMI:18.54~25kg/m^2)人群,其子代超重风险提高了2.02倍(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.31~3.11)。结论母亲孕前BMI可能是0~2岁儿童超重的影响因素,控制母亲孕前BMI,保持营养均衡,食物多样的饮食习惯,提倡补充适量的营养补充剂,可减少儿童超重发生的风险。

Objective To analyze the factors related to gestational and perinatal dietary habits of mothers of overweight children aged 0-2 years, and to provide scientific evidence for control of overweight in children aged 0-2 years. Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select two surveillance sites in Jiangsu province in 2013. Physical, dietary and health status of 537 children aged 0-2 years and their mothers were investigated by a questionnaire survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing overweight in children aged 0-2 years. Results There were 487 effective cases. The overweight rate of children aged 0-2 years was 39.0%(190/487), and the overweight rate was lower in boys than in girls(χ~2=4.60, P<0.05) as well as lower in children aged 13-24 months than in children aged 0-12 months(χ~2=7.40, P<0.05). The maternal pre-pregnancy overweight rate was 28.5%(139/487), and mothers with changes in diet amount during pregnancy and with nutrient supplements during pregnancy accounted for 6.6%(32/487) and 6.8%(33/487), respectively. After adjusting for possible demographic and other influencing factors, the risk of offspring overweight increased by 2.02 times(OR=2.02, 95%CI:1.31-3.11) in mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight(body mass index(BMI)> 25 kg/m2) as compared with those with normal weight(BMI: 18.5-25 kg/m^2). Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI may be a factor affecting overweight in 0-2-year-old children. Controlling maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maintaining a balanced nutrition, having a dietary habit of eating a variety of foods, and advocating adequate nutrient supplements can reduce the risk of overweight in children.