某职业院校大学生应对方式在人格特征与幸福感关联中的中介作用

Mediating effects of coping styles on the relationship between personality traits and well-being among students in a vocational college

目的探讨应对方式在人格特征与幸福感关联中的中介作用。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选择安徽省六安市某职业院校在校大一、大二学生进行统一匿名问卷调查,评价人格特征、应对方式和主观幸福感情况,并通过自举(Bootstrap)程序和PROCESS软件检验应对方式在人格特征与幸福感关联中的中介作用。结果 3 183名在校大学生中,神经质(t=6.896,P<0.001)和宜人性(t=5.854,P<0.001)人格特征评分女性高于男性,宜人性(t=4.834,P<0.001)、开放性(t=5.128,P<0.001)和外向性(t=2.992,P=0.003)人格特征评分大一学生高于大二学生,差异均具有统计学意义。幸福感评分中,大一学生高于大二学生(t=2.624,P=0.009),自评家庭经济条件较好者高于自评家庭经济条件较差者(t=6.421,P≤0.001),自评学习成绩较好者高于自评学习较差者(t=5.512,P≤0.001),差异均具有统计学意义。中介效应分析显示,积极应对方式在神经质、严谨性、宜人性、开放性、外向性人格和幸福感关联中介效应比例分别为15.60%、39.01%、28.31%、61.46%和33.77%;消极应对方式在神经质、宜人性、开放性和外向性人格特征与幸福感关联中的中介效应比例分别为34.50%、4.78%、8.63%和5.28%。结论大学生人格特征是影响主观幸福感的重要因素,应对方式在人格特征与主观幸福感关联中起部分中介作用。

Objective To explore the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between personality characteristics and well-being. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select freshmen and sophomores in a vocational college in Liu’an city, Anhui province. A unified anonymous questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate personality characteristics, coping styles and subjective well-being. Bootstrap program and PROCESS software were employed to examine the mediating role of coping styles in the association of personality traits and well-being. Results Among 3,183 college students, the scores of neuroticism(t=6.896, P<0.001) and agreeableness(t=5.854, P<0.001) were higher in the females than in the males. The scores of agreeableness(t=4.834, P<0.001), openness(t=5.128, P<0.001) and extroverted personality(t=2.992, P=0.003) were higher in freshmen than in sophomores, with statistically significant differences. The score of happiness was higher in freshmen than in sophomores(t=2.624, P=0.009), higher in students with self-assessed good family economic status than in those with self-assessed poor family economic status(t=6.421, P≤0.001) as well as higher in students with self-assessed good academic performance than in those with self-assessed poor academic performance(t=5.512, P≤0.001), with statistically significant differences. The mediation effect analysis showed that the proportions of mediating effects in effects of positive coping in associations between neuroticism, rigor, amenity, openness, extroversion personality and well-being were 15.60%, 39.01%, 28.31%, 61.46% and 33.77%, respectively, while the proportions of mediating effects in effects of negative coping in associations between neuroticism, amenity, openness, extroversion personality and well-being were 34.50%, 4.78%, 8.63% and 5.28%, respectively.Conclusions Personality characteristics of the college students are important factors affecting subjective well-being. Coping styles play partial roles in mediating the relationship between personality characteristics and subjective well-being.