西藏墨脱产“藏药三果”品种鉴定与考证

Species Identification and Textual Research on the Herbs of Traditional Tibetan Remedy “Triphalā” in Medog County, Xizang Autonomous Region

“多物同用”是中国传统医药中常见的现象,虽然可以扩大药用植物资源的来源,缓解稀缺药用植物资源不足的现象,但也带来用药混乱和安全等问题。三果(阿如热、巴如热、居如热)作为最经典常用的传统藏药方之一,出现多物一用是很正常的。然而,也正因为“最经典最常用”,其用药规范性、合理性和安全性就显得很重要。西藏墨脱县地理位置偏僻,交通不便,缺少藏药三果原药材,当地各族群众在藏医理论指导下,从本地产植物资源中找出相应的地方替代品。考虑到用药安全和合理性,研究从多个角度,基于实地调查和本草考证的结果,对墨脱产藏药三果的基源植物进行调查、采集、鉴定和考证,并探讨其合理性以及用药安全。结果表明,墨脱产藏药三果替代品在原植物物种上虽不同于标准品,但形态上同藏医本草记载相似,标志性有效成分(没食子酸)亦与标准品相同,说明墨脱产藏药三果替代品的应用具有一定合理性。

"Multiple sources"is very common in the traditional medicinal systems of China, which is helpful to diversity medicinal plant resources.However, this phenomenon could cause drug safety problems.As the most common remedy of Traditional Tibetan Medicine, Triphala which consist of A-ru-ra, Ba-ru-ra and Ju-ru-ra also has this phenomenon.Thus, it need more focus on the drug safety, rational uses and specifications of Triphala.Because the rough road and remote location made travel difficult, medicinal resources shortage become a serious problem in Medog County which locate at the Southeast corner of Xizang Autonomous Region.Local people find the local plant resources as the substitutes for standard Traditional Tibetan Medicine.Therefore, the aim of the present study is to survey, collect, identify and textual research on the original plants of "local Triphala" in Medog County, then discuss the drug safety and rational uses of them.According to the results of the present study, the original plants of local Triphala are different species from the standard Triphala in Traditional Tibetan Medicine.But the morphological characteristics of these plants are still similar with the related records in Traditional herbal books, and they also include similar effective compounds with the original plants of standard Triphala.In conclusion, the use of the local Triphala as the substitutes of standard Triphala in Medog County have certain rationality.