磷石膏预处理与综合利用研究进展

Research Progress on Pretreatment and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum

磷石膏的大量堆存,不仅会对企业带来经济负担,而且会对环境造成污染。阐述了磷石膏中的杂质类型及其预处理的方法,其中磷、氟类杂质可通过水洗、酸碱中和改性、筛分、煅烧等方法去除,有机物类杂质通过水洗、浮选、煅烧、陈化等方法脱除,钠、钾类碱金属可用适量石灰来抑制;介绍了磷石膏的综合利用研究进展,包括生产硫酸、硫酸钙晶须、硫酸钾、硫酸铵、造纸填料和涂布颜料、建筑原料及产品、纳米羟基磷灰石,作为土壤改良剂、肥料、筑路材料、充填材料,回收硫、稀土元素。磷石膏综合利用前景广阔,但需要努力的方面还很多,要加快磷石膏的资源化合理利用,实现经济效益和环境保护的双赢。

The massive accumulation of phosphogypsum will not only bring economic burden to the enterprise, but also pollute the environment. The types of impurities in phosphogypsum and their pretreatment methods were expounded, phosphorus and fluorine impurities can be removed by water washing, acid-base neutralization, sieving, calcination, etc., and organic impurities are removed by washing, flotation, calcination, aging, etc., sodium and potassium alkali metal salt impurities can be inhibited by adding appropriate amount of lime. The research progress of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum is introduced, including the production of sulfuric acid, calcium sulfate whiskers, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, paper filler and coating pigment, building materials and products, nano-hydroxyapatite, as soil amendments, fertilizer, subgrade material, filling material, recovery of sulfur, rare earth elements. The prospect of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum is broad, but there are still many aspects that need to be studied. It is necessary to speed up the rational resourceful utilization of phosphogypsum and achieve a win-win situation in economic benefits and environmental protection.