洛采生平及著作概述

Outline of Hermann Lotze’s Life and Works

洛采是19世纪中后期德国著名的哲学家。在大学时代,他一边学医一边研究哲学,毕业后不久就因其著作《形而上学》(1841)和《逻辑学》(1843)在哲学界崭露头角。在出版了医学著作《普通病理学和作为机械自然科学的治疗学》、生理学著作《肉体生命的普通生理学》、心理学著作《医学心理学或灵魂生理学》之后,他因《小宇宙》这部在19世纪下半叶得到最广泛阅读的著作而登上德国哲学的巅峰。在1868年出版《德国美学史》之后,洛采开始建构一个由逻辑学、形而上学和实践哲学构成的哲学体系,遗憾的是,这个宏大的哲学体系还没有完成洛采就辞世了,在离世之前,他把哲学体系前两部——1874年的《逻辑学》和1879年的《形而上学》——作为最珍贵的礼物馈赠给了他的时代。洛采以形而上学书写造就一种目的论的观念论,以逻辑学的探究陶铸一种极富解释力的有效性概念,从而成为德国古典哲学与德国现代哲学之间这个过渡期中最伟大、最有影响力的观念论哲学家。

Rudolf Hermann Lotze was a famous German philosopher in the mid-late 19th century. He studied philosophy while studying medicine at university, and soon after graduating he distinguished himself in the realm of philosophy with the publication of Metaphysik (1841) and Logik (1843). After publishing the medical works Allgemeine Pathologie und Therapie als mechanische Naturwissenschaft , physiological works Allgemeine Physiologie des Koerperlichen Lebens and psychological works Medicinische Psychologie oder Physiologie der Seele , he published Mikrokosmus , which got the most widely read book in mid-late 19th century and boarded the peak of German philosophy. After the publication of Geschichte der Aesthetik in Deutschland in 1868, Lotze began to construct a philosophical system composed of logic, metaphysics and practical philosophy. Unfortunately, Lotze died prematurely before this grand system of philosophy was completed. Before parting, he presented the first two works of the philosophical system- Logik in 1874 and Metaphysik in 1879-as the most precious gift to his time. Lotze created a teleological idealism with metaphysics, and forged a highly explanatory conception of validity with the exploration of logic, thus becoming the greatest and the most influential idealist philosopher in the transitional period between German classical philosophy and German modern philosophy.