黄土高原水体浮游微生物及沉积微生物研究进展

Research Advance in Planktonic Microorganisms and Sedimentary Microorganisms in the Loess Plateau

黄土高原跨越我国半干旱、干旱及半湿润地区,是世界上面积最大的黄土分布区。近些年来,由于气候变化和人类活动的加剧,黄土高原的河流湖库面临着水少、水浑、水污等威胁,因此亟需开展此区域水体的生态健康评价以提出生态保护和管理措施。除了鱼类、底栖动物和浮游植物生态学外,以微生物为核心的微生物生态学研究在环境现状指示、生态健康评价方面也占有重要作用。本文首先探讨黄土高原的范围及其水体的生态学研究进展,选择了黄土高原的“广义”划分区域(北纬33°41′~41°16′,东经100°54′~114°33′),其次整合国内外不同水体中浮游及沉积微生物的群落结构、功能及生物完整性指数(index of biological integrity,IBI)生态指示作用的相关研究,指出微生物群落结构、功能特征及IBI 指数的动态变化是自然与人为因素综合作用的结果,同样也指示了生态、环境现状。目前,针对黄土高原微生物生态指示作用的研究主要集中于土壤环境中微生物群落结构指标,利用功能参数以及IBI 指数进行生态指示的研究较少。黄土高原横跨7 个省,范围广,面积大,未来针对黄土高原中部地带、西北地区核心———陕西省的河流湖库微生物进行研究能够以小见大,更全面地反映区域水生态系统健康状况。

The Loess Plateau is the largest area of loess in the world, which spans semi-arid, arid and semihumid zones of China. In recent years, the rivers and lakes of the Loess Plateau are facing threats such as water shortage, turbidity and pollution due to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. It is necessary to carry out ecological health assessment of water bodies in this area to propose ecological protection and management measures. In addition to fish, macroinvertebrates and phytoplankton, microorganisms as the key component also play an important role in environmental indicator and ecological health assessment. Herein,the boundary division and advance in ecological research related to water bodies of the Loess Plateau were presented and the"generalized"division of the Loess Plateau(latitude 33°41′~41°16′N, longitude 100°54′~114°33′E) was selected. Meanwhile, the community structure, function and index of biological integrity(IBI)of planktonic and sedimentary microorganisms as ecological indicators in different water bodies at home and abroad were also reviewed. It pointed out that the dynamic changes of microbial community structure, func-tion and IBI are just the results of the combined effects of natural and human factors, which could also be indicators of the ecological and environmental conditions. At present, researches on the indicator functions of microbial ecology in the Loess Plateau are mainly concentrated on the community structure index in the soil environment, but the functional parameters and IBI are less involved. The Loess Plateau has a wide range area, spanning seven provinces. The research on microorganisms in rivers and lakes in Shaanxi Province, which is the core region of the northwestern area and the central part of the Loess Plateau, would not only reflect the ecosystem health of the regional water comprehensively, but also help reveal the conditions of the water bodies in the whole area of the Loess Plateau.