大数据技术的价值负载与责任伦理建构——从大数据“杀熟”说起

Value Load and Ethical Construction of Big Data Technology ——from Big Data “Overcharging the Old Customers”

大数据“杀熟”的本质是大数据技术“杀熟”,表征的是大数据技术的价值负载问题。技术的发展进步往往使得技术与伦理之间陷入难以突破的困境:一方面,我们既需要新技术发展来促进人类社会更好地发展;另一方面,新技术,特别是具有革命性的技术出现,往往又会导致诸多社会伦理问题的产生,引发人们的担忧。围绕“技术是否负载价值”问题产生了两种对立的观点:技术的价值中立和技术的价值负载,两者的争论要点是技术与主体的目的意向性和技术的应用后果是相互独立抑或不可分割的。我们认为,在大数据技术的研究动机、设计研发过程、应用过程和应用结果评价等环节都是负载价值的。正是大数据技术负载价值,才在大数据技术实践主体的不正当应用过程中产生出各种伦理问题。任何的技术价值观归根到底是人的价值观。加强大数据技术的伦理建构,内在关键是塑造主体的价值理念,需坚持共生共存的责任伦理原则、坚守责任伦理底线和以责任情感促成责任行为。

Big data “overcharging the old customers” is essentially big data technology “overcharging the old customers”, which reveals the value load of technology. Technology develops along with a series of ethical problems, which forms an awkward dilemma. On the one hand, we demand the new technology to promote a better development of human beings;on the other hand, new technology, especially revolutionary technology, often leads to the emergence of many social and ethical problems and arouses our concerns. Two opposing views arise revolving around whether “technology is loaded with value”: value neutrality and value load. Their disagreement lies in whether the main purpose of technology and its subjects is independent on or inseparable from its application consequences. In our opinions, each stage of big data technology, including its research motivation, design and development process, application process and application result evaluation, is loaded with value. It is due to its value load that various ethical problems arise in the improper application process by the subjects. Any technological value is ultimately a human value. To strengthen ethical construction of big data technology, the key is to build the value concept of the subjects, to insist on the principle of symbiosis responsibility ethics, to hold on the ethical bottom line and to transform responsibility emotion to responsibility behavior.