科学世界观从外向内转化的过程及对人的影响——以达尔文进化论与分子遗传生物学的区别和联系为例证

The Conversion of the Scientific Worldview from External to Internal Research and Its Effect on Humans ——Taking the Differences and Connections Between Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and Molecular Genetic Biology as an Example

从“拯救现象”视角看科学发展是从对外在现象的描述走向内在物质结构的分析,再到物质重构的过程,并以达尔文进化论与分子遗传生物学之间的区别与联系来说明科学的这种发展趋势,指出前者属于生物学中的异质性博物学传统,与牛顿力学同属于外在性、形式性科学,后者则属于物质性科学的道尔顿化学传统;基因DNA双螺旋的发现,部分实现了人类建构生命的理想;但又带来了人的生命是否能够重构即人自身的研究是否属于科学的问题。以康德的“the thing in itself(dinge an sich selbst)”概念为背景,指出人的肉体虽属科学研究的对象,但无法像动物那样加以重构;应该从人的内在精神方面即人的理性方面来分析理解人,尽管这已不属于科学研究的范围,但却符合科学发展的趋势,也符合近代宗教改革后个人主体性地位不断提高的趋向。

From the perspective of “saving the appearances”, this paper points out that science develops from the description of external appearances to the analysis of the internal material structure, and then to the process of material reconstruction. This paper illustrates the development trend of science by taking the differences and connections between Darwin’s theory of evolution and molecular genetic biology as an example. It is pointed out that the former, on natural heterogenous history tradition in biology, belongs to external and formal science together with Newtonian mechanics, while the latter belongs to the Dalton chemical tradition of material science;the discovery of double helix of gene DNA partially realized the ideal of human reconstructing lives. Meanwhile, it brings about an issue: whether human life can be reconstructed, that is, whether research on human themselves is a scientific problem. With Kant’s famous concept “the thing in itself (dinge an Sich selbst)” as the background, the paper shows that the human physical body is the object of scientific research, but it can not be restructured like an animal;human beings should be analysed from their inner spirit, that is, human rationality. Although the spiritual aspect does not belong to the scope of scientific research, it still conforms to the trend of scientific development, and is also in line with the trend of the continuous improvement of the status of individual subjectivity after modern religious reform.