华盛顿会议前后的美国对华态度——以美国主流媒体的中国报道为中心

The US Attitude to China around the Washington Conference: Centered on the Reports on China in the US Mainstream Press

中国在第一次世界大战后的世界秩序中所面临的问题,以及在西方角力过程中的地位和对应办法,不仅需要从中文的历史记载和从中国的角度进行解答,而且还必须根据西方的材料,了解西方的态度和思维方式,来思考当时中国所面临的选择,选择的余地,以及西方所扮演的角色,才能全面认识当时中国在国际舞台上争取自己权利有多大的空间和实力。本文以美国主流媒体的中国报道为中心,考察五四运动之后至华盛顿会议期间,美国的对华态度和政策形成的社会基础。美国官方对中国的态度,是根据美国本身及其在东亚乃至全球的利益和布局来决定的。但美国主流媒体对中国的报道也反映了美国社会的价值观,以及对中国命运的同情。不过,美国媒体在考虑怎样支持中国的时候,把支持当前中国政府,还是支持中国人民走向法治和民主,区别得很清楚。在这种情况下,出现了怎样帮助中国的各种不同的声音。

It is necessary to consult not only Chinese historical records but also Western materials to understand the possible choices that China had and the role that Western powers played in the reconstruction of the world order after the First World War. Based on the reports on China in the US mainstream press, this article examines the US attitude toward China and the social foundation of the China policy of the US in the period between the May Fourth Movement and the Washington Conference. The US government, attitude toward China was determined by the interests of the US itself and the US interests in East Asia and the whole world,while the reports on China in the US press illustrated the American social values and compassion for China. However , the US press clearly distinguished the support for the Chinese government and the support for the Chinese people to achieve the rule of law and democracy , so there were different opinions about how to support China then.