世界各国矿山生态环境修复担保金制度框架研究

Frameworks of mining rehabilitation bond systems in various countries

矿山开采可能威胁当地生态环境。为了督促开采者履行生态环境修复义务,并确保当开采者不履行修复义务时,政府有足够的资金进行修复,各国设立了矿山生态环境修复担保金制度。本文研究调研了美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、南非、加纳、爱尔兰、中国等国家矿山生态环境修复担保金制度,从担保金的缴纳形式、金额核算方法、支付方式、返还和回顾机制等方面进行了综合分析,剖析了各国担保金制度的特点,可为我国海外项目的实施提供参考。

Mining can significantly threaten local ecosystem and environmental quality. In order to urge the miners to fulfill their reclamation obligations, and to ensure that in case the miners fail to fulfill the obligations, the authorities have sufficient funds to reclaim the sites, many countries in the world have established a mining rehabilitation bond system. This paper investigates mining rehabilitation bond systems in the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ghana, Ireland, and China. Frameworks of each system, including forms and payment of bond, calculation method, returning and reviewing procedures, are analyzed and compared, the study is expected to provide information to overseas mining projects.