战争维度下莫里森小说《家》中的创伤书写

Conflicts’ Perspective on the Trauma Narrative in Morrison’s Home

托妮·莫里森的小说《家》从朝鲜战争、种族冲突和内心冲突三个层面描述了美国退役黑人士兵弗兰克的创伤体验:朝鲜战争构建了弗兰克的战争受害者形象;黑人“坐以待毙”的种族冲突为弗兰克埋下种族创伤的记忆;弗兰克由受害者向加害者的角色转变使他陷入本我、自我和超我的内心冲突,加重了他的创伤症候。《家》以战争维度书写了弗兰克遭受的多重创伤,突出了黑人修复创伤、重建家园的艰难。弗兰克兄妹回归黑人社区,终获心安的“回家”结局延续了莫里森小说的伦理诗学传统。

In Home, Toni Morrison presents the traumatic experiences Frank, a black veteran and the protagonist in the novel, has suffered from the Korean War, the racial conflicts and the conscience conflict: the Korean War makes Frank a victim of the war;African Americans passiveness in racial conflicts accounts for his racial traumatic experience;and his transition from victim to victimizer plunges him into the conscience conflict among the id, the ego and the superego, exacerbating his traumatic syndromes. This paper argues that Home explores traumas Frank has experienced from three fold division of “wars”- the Korean War,the racial and conscience conflicts, which highlights the hardship blacks face in healing traumas and rebuilding their home in America. Frank and his sister Cee s journey back home to Lotus and their final redemption continue the tradition of Morrison s ethical poetics.