情绪记忆增强效应的脑功能机制相关研究

Research on the brain function mechanism of the emotional enhancement of memory

情绪性事件可产生情绪性记忆增强效应(emotional enhancement of memory,EEM),唤醒度和情绪效价共同干预情绪记忆,且唤醒度是比效价更好的记忆准确性预测因子。唤醒度和效价是情绪相对独立的成分,唤醒度的 EEM涉及杏仁核海马网络,而效价涉及前额皮质海马网络,证实在记忆网络系统中存在效价和唤醒度分离的现象。唤醒度和效价独特的认知神经网络有利于情绪记忆增强。同时,注意资源对唤醒度和效价的调节也存在差异。情绪记忆还取决于刺激的基本情绪类型,认为恐惧情绪在记忆编码早期吸引注意实现自底向上的优先加工,厌恶情绪则被抑制;而在记忆中晚期可观察到厌恶情绪调配更多的认知资源进行自顶向下的深加工。这两种基本情绪对注意资源的调节刚好相反,同时在时间和空间维度上也不一致。空间维度上未能证实离散情绪类别能够始终如一地映射到大脑特定区域。此外,情绪记忆还受到性别和年龄差异的影响。相对男性,女性对负性刺激更敏感,回忆更多;情绪记忆加工中杏仁核激活存在男右女左的偏侧化现象。与年轻人不同,老年人更多偏向于加工积极情绪,大多解释认为是受大脑控制加工的影响。

Emotional events can produce emotional enhancement of memory (EEM),both arousal and emotional valence intervene in emotional memory,and arousal is a better predictor of memory accuracy than valence.Arousal and valence are relatively independent components of emotion.The EEM of arousal involves the amygdala hippocampal network,while the valence involves the prefrontal cortex hippocampo network,confirming the existence of segregation of valence and arousal in the memory network system.The unique cognitive neural network of arousal and valence is conducive to emotional memory enhancement.At the same time,there is also difference in the adjustment of attention resources to arousal and valence.Emotional memory also depends on the basic emotional type of stimuli.It is believed that fear emotion attracts attention in the early stage of memory coding to achieve bottom up priority processing,and disgusting emotion is suppressed.In the middle and late stages,it can be observed that disgusting emotion allocates more cognitive resources for top down deep processing.The regulation of attention resources by these two basic emotions is opposite,and they are not consistent in the time and space dimensions.The spatial dimension has not proven that discrete emotional categories can consistently map to specific regions of the brain.In addition,emotional memory is also affected by gender and age differences.Compared with men,women are more sensitive to negative stimuli and recall more;amygdala activation has a lateralization of male right/female leftin the process of emotional memory processing.Unlike young people,older people are more inclined to process positive emotions,most explained that it is affected by brain control processing.