心理干预及健康教育对初次献血者献血反应的影响

Effect of psychological intervention and health education on blood donation response of first-time blood donors

目的探讨心理干预及健康教育对初次献血者献血反应的影响。方法选取2015年9月~2016年9月到单位采血点初次献血者7836例为研究对象,其中3918例为对照组,给予常规护理干预;3918例为观察组,在对照组的基础上加强心理干预及健康教育。比较两组初次献血者干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及献血后不良反应发生率和献血者的满意度评分。结果干预前,两组献血者SAS、SDS评分的差异无统计学意义(t=1.534、1.374,P>0.05),干预后,观察组献血者SAS评分、SDS评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=28.968、37.476,P<0.05);观察组献血反应发生率为1.3%,低于对照组的5.1%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=92.252,P<0.05)。观察组在信息需求、人文关怀、服务态度、隐私保护方面的护理满意度评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.240、3.555、3.210、3.946,P<0.05)。结论对于初次献血者,给予一定的健康教育和针对性的心理干预,可减轻其焦虑的心理情绪,减少献血后的不良反应,促进无偿献血工作的开展。

Objective To explore the effects of psychological intervention and health education on the blood donation response of first-time blood donors. Methods A total of 7836 patients who participated in blood donation at the unit blood collection point from September 2015 to September 2016 were selected as study subjects. Among them, 3918 cases were in the control group, who were given routine nursing intervention. Another 3918 cases were in the observation group, who were given strengthened psychological intervention and health education on the basis of the control group. The self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) scores before and after intervention, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions after blood donation and the satisfaction scores of donors were compared between the two groups. Results Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups of donors(t=1.534, 1.374, P>0.05). After the intervention, the SAS score and SDS score of the blood donors in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(t=28.968, 37.476, P<0.05);the incidence rate of blood donation response in the observation group was 1.3%, which was lower than that of 5.1% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=92.252, P<0.05). The satisfaction scores with information needs, human care, service attitude, and privacy protection in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.240, 3.555, 3.210, 3.946, P<0.05). Conclusion For the first-time blood donors, providing a certain health education and targeted psychological intervention can alleviate their psychological anxiety, reduce adverse reactions after blood donation, and promote the development of voluntary blood donation.