晚清外语翻译人才培养研究

A Study on the Training of Foreign Language Translation Talents in the Late Qing Dynasty

清政府时期,依旧实行闭关锁国政策,而鸦片战争打开了中国对外开放的大门,随着外国列强的大肆入侵,清政府也开始探索对外发展和交流中的一些技巧,首先,翻译人才就是解决对外交往中问题的关键,一些先进的中国人在清政府时期开始尝试培养的对外翻译人才,洋务运动中,洋务派更是提出了比较明确的翻译人才培养政策,在此背景下成立的京师同文馆也是我国早期的对外人才培养的雏形。洋务派以及京师同文馆在探索对外人才培养的过程中,也获得了一定的经验,其中有成功的尝试,也有失败的,而其中一些优秀的教学思想,人才培养方法和经验等也值得今天继续学习,对于当前我国外语翻译人才的培养都具有一定的启发性。对此,文章主要以晚清外语人才培养的基本经验和方法为背景,结合晚清外语翻译人才的培养成果,以英语翻译人才培养为例,探索在晚清外语翻译人才培养的启示下,当前英语翻译人才培养的有效对策,为现阶段的英语翻译教学创新和改革提供一些参考意见。

During the late Qing period,the closed-door policy was still carried out,and the Opium War promoted China's opening-up to the outside world.With the aggressive invasion of foreign powers,the Qing government began to explore some skills in the development and exchange of foreign countries.First of all,translation talents were the key to solve the problems in foreign exchange.Some advanced Chinese began to cultivate translation talents.In the Westernization Movement,the Westernization School put forward a relatively clear policy on the training of translation talents.In this context,the School of Combined Learning was established to train translators.In the course of training,some attempts were successful,which are still instructive for the cultivation of foreign language translation talents in China nowadays.Based on the experiences and attempts in the training of translators in the late Qing,the innovation and reform of English translation teaching and training at the present stage are explored.