汉语阅读障碍儿童生活质量及影响因素研究

Quality of life and determinants among children with dyslexia in China

目的通过了解某市阅读障碍儿童生活质量现状并分析其影响因素,为改善阅读障碍儿童的生活质量提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取某市城乡共6所小学三至六年级的全体学生3673名进行问卷调查。依据诊断标准筛选出阅读障碍儿童、分析阅读障碍及非阅读障碍儿童生活质量状况差异。结果共筛检出阅读障碍儿童119名(3.24%)。不同性别、年级、父母文化程度儿童阅读障碍检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为24.77,11.75,18.50,9.79,P值均<0.05)。阅读障碍儿童总体生活质量中等以下所占比例为30.3%;非阅读障碍儿童生活质量为中等以下所占比例为16.7%。阅读障碍儿童和非阅读障碍儿童在生活质量总分(134.54±30.88)(143.49±32.53)、社会心理功能总分(2.71±0.84)(2.92±0.81)、生理心理健康总分(2.83±0.90)(3.06±0.87)、生活质量满意度总分(2.95±0.87)(3.14±0.87)得分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-6.09,-5.48,-5.44,-4.50,P值均<0.01),阅读障碍儿童各维度得分低于非阅读障碍儿童。结论阅读障碍儿童总体生活质量较差,需要引起各界重视。

Objective To examine the Quality of life among school-aged children with dyslexia in target city and to provide scientific evidence for improving the quality of life of children with dyslexia. Methods By using cluster sampling,students from grade 3 to grade 6 from 6 primary schools in a middle-sized were selected and administered with questionnaire survey. According to the criteria of dyslexia, dyslexic children and non-dyslexic children were identified and the difference of the Quality of Life was compared. Results Totally 3 673 children were collected, and 119 of them were identified as dyslexia(3.24%).The prevalence of dyslexia differed by gender,grades,educational level of parents(χ^2=24.77,11.75,18.50,9.79,P<0.05). The Quality of Life which below the average proportion accounted for 30.3% of dyslexic children and 16.7% of normal children. Quality of life scored signiticantly different between dyslexic children and non-dyslexia children, including psychosocial functioning domain(134.54±30.88)(143.49±32.53), physical and mental health domain(2.71±0.84)(2.92±0.81) vs(2.83±0.90)(3.06±0.87), the living satisfaction domain(2.95±0.87)(3.14±0.87)(t=-6.09,-5.48,-5.44,-4.50,P<0.01),with dyslexic group significantly lower than that of non-dyslexic group. Conclusion The Quality of Life of Dyslexic children was in a poor condition.