学龄儿童学习生活方式与阅读障碍的相关性

Association of learning and living style with dyslexia in school-aged children

目的探索学龄儿童学习生活方式与阅读障碍的关系,为儿童阅读障碍的行为干预提供依据。方法于2017年4月至2018年4月,采用分层整群抽样方法,调查湖北省武汉市、浙江省杭州市、山东省济宁市二至六年级小学生11668名。使用《儿童汉语阅读能力影响因素调查问卷》《儿童汉语阅读障碍量表》及《儿童学习障碍筛查量表》对研究对象进行调查。结果学龄儿童每周有1~2次及以上体育运动(OR=0.34~0.48)、每次运动时间>20min(OR=0.43~0.64)、每学期去1~2次及以上图书馆/书店(OR=0.41~0.62)与阅读障碍的检出率降低有关联;学龄儿童缺乏主动学习的习惯(OR=7.76,95%CI=4.71~12.78)、没有固定的阅读时间(OR=2.55,95%CI=2.01~3.23)以及没有参加课外培训班(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.27~2.07)与阅读障碍检出率升高有关联;阅读障碍组与非阅读障碍组儿童在视屏时间上差异无统计学意义;在电子设备的用途方面,使用电子设备进行学习与阅读障碍检出风险呈负相关(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.33~0.67),而使用电子设备进行游戏与阅读障碍检出风险呈正相关(OR=1.67,95%CI=1.16~2.41)。结论积极参加体育运动、良好的学习习惯及正确使用电子产品可一定程度上降低阅读障碍的检出风险。家长和教师应引导学龄儿童养成良好的学习生活方式。

Objective To investigate the association between the learning and living style with developmental dyslexia in school-aged children. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 11 668 school-aged children(grade 2 to 6) in the cities of Wuhan, Hangzhou and Jining were selected to participate in this programme from April 2017 to April 2018. The investigation tools combined the questionnaire on associated factors for reading ability, Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning. Results Pupils with more than 20 minutes of exercise each day(OR=0.43-0.64) and at least 1-2 times per week(OR=0.34-0.48) had a lower risk of dyslexia. The association was observed between going to the library more than 1-2 times per semester(OR=0.41-0.62) and the decrease risk of dyslexia. Lacking active learning(OR=7.76, 95%CI=4.71-12.78), scheduled reading time(OR=2.55, 95%CI=2.01-3.23) and extracurricular training classes(OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.27-2.07) were positively associated with dyslexia. There was no significant difference in screen time duration between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children. Using electronic devices for learning was associated with decreased risk of dyslexia(OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.33-0.67), while playing video games was correlated with increased risk of dyslexia(OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.16-2.41). Conclusion Physical exercise, good study habits and using the electronic products in a proper way could reduce the risk of dyslexia to a certain extent. Parents and teachers should guide the school-aged children to develop a good learning and living style.