达州市留守高中生心理健康状况与家庭功能的关系

Mental health and its relation with family function among left-behind high school students in Dazhou

目的探讨留守高中生心理健康状况及其与家庭功能的关系,为提高留守儿童心理健康水平提供理论依据。方法抽取四川省达州市通川区、达川区、开江县、宣汉县等区县4所中学962名高中生,以班级为单位进行心理健康诊断测验量表(Mental Health Test,MHT)和家庭功能评定量表(Family Assessment Device,FAD)调查。结果留守高中生在学习焦虑(8.42±2.74)、对人焦虑(5.24±2.11)、孤独倾向(3.04±2.53)、过敏倾向(6.77±1.82)、身体症状(6.30±2.40)、恐怖倾向(3.69±2.52)、冲动倾向(3.89±2.19)等维度得分及总均分(42.79±11.58)均高于非留守高中生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为1.97,4.71,2.27,3.47,2.66,5.79,2.22,4.90,P值均<0.05);男生心理健康水平高于女生,独生子女高于非独生子女(t值分别为3.28,2.55,P值均<0.05);高一年级学生总均分高于高三学生,双亲外出学生得分高于母亲外出和父亲外出学生、留守≥7年和4~6年学生得分均高于留守≤3年学生(F值分别为3.70,9.40,5.95,P值均<0.05)。心理健康水平与家庭功能呈正相关(r=0.16,P<0.05),家庭功能可以预测心理健康水平(β=0.95,P<0.01)。结论应关注留守高中生的心理健康水平,强化留守儿童家庭功能的发挥。

Objective To investigate mental health amnong left-behind high school students and to explore its relationship with family function. Methods By using stratified sampling method, Mental Health Test(MHT) and Family Assessment Device(FAD) was administered to 942 students from 4 high schools in Tongchuan district, Dakai district, Kaijiang county and Xuanhan county in Dazhou city. Results Left-behind high school students scored significantly higher in learning anxiety(8.42±2.74), social anxiety(5.24±2.11), loneliness(3.04±2.53), allergy(6.77±1.82), physical symptoms(6.30±2.40), terror(3.69±2.52) and impulsivity(42.79±11.58) than non-left-behind students(t=1.97, 4.71, 2.27, 3.47, 2.66,5.79, 2.22,4.90, P<0.05). MHT scores were significantly higher among boys(t=3.28,P<0.01), the only child(t=2.55,P<0.01), grade one students, students separated with both parents and separated for more than 7 years(F=3.70, 9.40,5.95,P<0.05). There was significant negative correlation between mental health and family function(r=0.16, P<0.05). Family function might predict mental health(β=0.95,P<0.01). Conclusion More attention should be paid to the mental health level of Left-behind high school students and strengthen their family function.