河南省中小学生健康行为现状及心理社会影响因素

Health behaviors and psychosocial determinants among primary and middle school students in Henan province

目的了解河南省中小学生健康行为现状与心理社会影响因素,为确定中小学校健康教育工作方向和重点提供依据。方法 2016年1-6月采取随机整群抽样的方法,抽取河南省郑州、开封、新乡、周口、南阳和三门峡市9~15岁3 603名小学生和2 791名初中生进行青少年生活方式问卷中文版、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表、青少年心理韧性量表、自尊问卷调查。结果中小学生健康行为总分为(80.30±16.36)分。不同性别、年龄、家庭经济状况、体质量指数、父母亲受教育水平的中小学生健康行为水平差异均存在统计学意义(P值均<0.05);健康行为与自我效能感(r=0.26~0.42)、社会支持(r=0.23~0.39)、心理韧性(r=0.26~0.37)、自尊(r=-0.28^-0.18)等心理社会因素均存在相关性(P值均<0.01);性别、年龄、家庭月收入、BMI、父母受教育水平、自我效能感、心理韧性、社会支持、自尊均是健康行为的影响因素(P值均<0.05)。结论河南生中小学生健康行为水平尚佳,在健康教育课程规划时要考虑人口学变量及心理社会因素对促进学生参与健康行为的作用。

Objective To investigate the current status and psychosocial determinants of health behavior among primary and middle school students in Henan province,and to provide a reference for the direction and priority of the health education in primary and middle schools. Methods Through cluster sampling method, 3 603 primary school students age 9 to 15 and 2 791 secondary school students in Henan Province were investigated with Chinese version of the Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire(C-ALQ), General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES), Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents(RSCA), Self-Esteem Scale(SES) during January to June in 2016. Results The total score of health behavior among primary and middle school students was(80.30±16.36).There were significant differences in health behaviors among students with different gender(P<0.05), age(P<0.01), family income(P<0.01), body mass index(P<0.01), father’s education level(P<0.01) and mother’s education level(P<0.01). Health behaviors were significantly correlated with self-efficacy(r=0.26-0.42, P<0.01), social support(r=0.23-0.39, P<0.01), mental resilience(r=0.26-0.37, P<0.01), and self-esteem(r=-0.28--0.18, P<0.01). Gender, age, family monthly income, BMI, parents’ education level, self-efficacy, psychological resilience, social support and self-esteem was psychosocial determinants of healthy behaviors(P<0.05). Conclusion The engagement in health behaviors among primary and middle school students in Henan province is acceptable. Demographic and psychosocial determinants of health behaviors among primary and middle school students should be considered in health education curriculum planning.