农村留守儿童体育活动状况及其与心理资本的关系

Physical activities status of left-behind children in rural areas and its relationship with psychological capital

目的了解农村留守儿童体育活动和心理资本现状及其关系,为探讨促进农村留守儿童心理资本的途径提供依据。方法采用随机抽样法,对湖南省1 606名农村学校三至九年级学生进行调查,采用体育活动等级量表与农村留守儿童心理资本问卷进行调查,对其中797名农村留守儿童的数据进行分析。结果农村留守儿童参加体育活动的运动量平均得分为(13.70±18.58)分,小、中、大运动量者所占比例分别为75.3%,16.3%,8.4%;不同性别的农村留守儿童在运动强度、持续时间、锻炼总分和锻炼等级上差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.47,2.16,4.09,4.03,P值均<0.05);不同年级、年龄、上学方式的农村留守儿童体育活动差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。体育活动的运动量与心理资本总分及5个维度之间均呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,运动量与心理资本部分及5个维度呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论农村留守儿童的体育活动得分较低,心理资本处于中等偏上水平。体育活动与心理资本呈正相关,是促进农村留守儿童心理资本的有效途径。

Objective To investigate the present situation of physical activities and psychological capital of left-behind children in rural areas, and analyze the relationship between them, so as to further explore the ways to promote the psychological capital of left-behind children in rural areas. Methods A total of 1 606 students of grade 3 to 9 were selected through random cluster sampling, and Physical Activity Rating Scale and the Mental Capital Scale was adminstered to Left-behind Children in Rural Areas 797 left-behind children in rural areas was analyzed. Results The average score of the amount of physical activity of left-behind children in rural areas was 13.70±18.58 points, and the proportion of the small, medium and large amount of physical activity was 75.3%, 16.3% and 8.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in activity intensity, duration, total score of physical activity, and exercise level among left-behind children in rural areas of different genders(t=3.47,2.16,4.09,4.03,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in physical activity among left-behind children in rural areas of different grades, ages and schooling modes(P>0.05). The amount of physical activity was positively correlated with the total score of psychological capital and the five dimensions(P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that the amount of exercise had a positive predictive impact on the psychological capital and five dimensions(P<0.01). Conclusion The scores of physical activity of left-behind children in rural areas were low, and their psychological capital was above the average level. Physical activity had a significant positive impact on their psychological capital, which was an effective way to promote their psychological capital.