农村小学厕所设施及学生如厕行为调查

Toilet facilities and student toilet-using behavior in rural primary schools

目的了解农村小学厕所卫生现状、在校学生如厕行为及其影响因素,为改善学校环境提供参考。方法选取中国北方某地2所农村非寄宿制完全小学149名学生,采用现场观察和问卷调查的方法,获得学校厕所卫生设施状况、如厕时间、如厕行为和如厕体验。采用SAS 9.4对调查结果进行统计分析。结果 2所学校均为深坑旱厕,女生厕所蹲位数低于《中小学校设计规范》要求,男生蹲位数和小便池长度符合标准要求;男女生平均如厕总时间分别为(28.46±11.72)和(42.48±15.52)s,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.96,P<0.01);实际如厕时间,男生平均为(24.27±9.13)s,女生为(24.69±9.40)s,差异无统计学意义(t=0.24,P>0.05);在小便如厕频率、上厕所排队、课堂上有如厕需求时如何表达等行为上,学校2优于学校1(χ~2值分别为11.70,27.19,17.74,P值均<0.05);高年级比低年级更少在校如厕、使用校厕排便等(χ^2值分别为5.28,13.18,P值均<0.05)。学生对校厕卫生的主要不良体验是有臭味。结论农村小学在校学生如厕时间集中在上午课间,高年级学生比低年级学生更愿意表达如厕意愿,学生对学校厕所卫生满意程度不高。

Objective To understand the current situation of toilet facilities among rural primary schools and toilet-using behavior among primary students,and to provide a reference for improving school environment. Methods Totally 149 students in 2 rural non-boarding primary schools in northern China were selected. and on-site observation and questionnaire survey were used to obtain the current situation of toilet hygiene, toilet time and toilet behavior, as well as feelings towards school toilet. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed by using SAS 9.4. Results Both two schools were deep pit latrine, the number of pit in female toilets is lower than the requirements of the "Code for design of school", and the urinal trough and the number of pit in male toilet meet the standard requirements. The average total time of toilet-using was(28.46±11.72)s for boys and(42.48±15.52)s for girls, the difference was of significant difference(t=-7.96, P<0.01). The average actual time of toilet-using is(24.27±9.13)s for boys and(24.69±9.40)s for girls, with no statistical difference. The result showed that school 2 was better than school 1 in the behavior of urinating frequency in toilet, queuing when using toilet, and the way to express needs of toilet-using in class(χ^2=11.70,27.19,17.74,P<0.05);senior students use less toilets than lower grade students. The main complains for students in school toilet hygiene is its bad smell(χ^2=5.28,13.18,P<0.05). Conclusion Primary school students in northern China always take bathroom breaks in the morning, and the average time of toilet-using is different from that of adults. Senior students are more willing to express their toilet needs than lower grade students. Students are not satisfied with the hygiene of school toilets, and the toilet experience is poor.