河北昌黎海域大型底栖动物群落特征及青岛文昌鱼资源现状

Characteristics of Macrobenthos Communities and Status Quo of Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense Resources in Changli Sea Area, Hebei Province

于2017年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对河北昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海域大型底栖动物群落特征及青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)资源现状进行调查。结果表明,春夏两季分别鉴定出大型底栖动物56和50种,种类组成皆以环节动物为主;大型底栖动物平均栖息密度为87.11 m^-2,平均生物量为11.13 g·m^-2;青岛文昌鱼平均栖息密度为31.36 m^-2,平均生物量为1.44 g·m^-2,体长为0.50~4.45 cm,Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄青岛文昌鱼占优势地位,体重为0.3~109.4 mg,优势体重组为>20~40和0~20 mg,昌黎海域青岛文昌鱼个体偏小,与历史资料对比发现,青岛文昌鱼资源量正在逐年减少。春夏两季大型底栖动物多样性指数变化趋势相似,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值显示该海域大型底栖动物生境一般;采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排列尺度(MDS)分析相结合的方法研究春夏季大型底栖动物群落结构,结果表明春季可分为5个群组,夏季可分为2个群组,群组组成差异较大。

In spring(May) and summer(August) of 2017, the community characteristics of macrobenthos and status quo of Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense resources were investigated in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province. The results show that 56 species and 50 species of macrobenthos were identified in spring and summer respectively, and most species in both seasons belong to Annelids. The average abundance of macrobenthos was 87.11 m^-2, while the average biomass was 11.13 g·m^-2;the average abundance of B. belcheri tsingtauense was 31.36 m^-2, while the average biomass was 1.44 g·m^-2. The body length of B. belcheri tsingtauense ranged from 0.50 to 4.45 cm, and most individuals were in Ⅱ-age and Ⅲ-age. The body weight ranged from 0.3 to 109.4 mg, and the dominant weight groups were >20-40 and 0-20 mg. The B. belcheri tsingtauense in the Changli sea area was small, compared with historical data;the amount of B. belcheri tsingtauense resources had been decreasing. The changes in biodiversity indices in spring and summer represented similar trends, and the average Shannon-Wiener Index indicates that the habitat quality was moderate. Both clustering analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient and multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) were carried out to analyze the macrobenthic community structure in the two seasons. The macrobenthic community in spring was divided into 5 groups, while it was divided into only 2 groups in summer. The difference between community compositions was obvious, which indicates that the community structure changed greatly across seasons.