有机无机肥配施对川麦冬农艺性状、产量与品质的影响

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on agronomic traits, yield and quality of Ophiopogon japonicas

采用四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计进行田间试验,建立N、P2O5、K2O、有机肥与川麦冬农艺性状和生物量的函数模型,研究N、P2O5、K2O与有机肥的施用量对川麦冬农艺性状、生物量和质量的影响,探索适合川麦冬的最佳施肥方案。通过模型解析,N、P2O5、K2O和有机肥对川麦冬农艺性状、生物量和质量具有显著影响。N对叶片数、叶长、分蘖数、块根数和水溶性浸出物含量贡献率最大;P2O5对叶宽贡献率最大;K2O对根长、须根数、须根鲜重、须根干重、茎叶干重、鲜产量和总皂苷含量贡献率最大;有机肥对茎叶鲜重和干产量贡献率最大。N-有机肥对茎叶干重达到显著影响;N-有机肥互作对鲜产量达到显著影响;K2O-有机肥互作对鲜产量和干产量达到极显著影响;N-K2O互作对川麦冬中总皂苷含量达到显著影响;N-K2O互作和N-有机肥互作对水溶性浸出物含量达到显著影响;P2O5-有机肥互作对水溶性浸出物含量达到极显著影响。通过频数分析法并进行交集优化之后得到了川麦冬高产优质的最佳施肥方案为N 676.75~819.16 kg/hm^2,P2O5 183.07~206.30 kg/hm^2,K2O331.07~437.53 kg/hm^2或467.31~568.76 kg/hm^2,商品有机肥2 191.20~2 732.40 kg/hm^2。

Field experiments were carried out by quadratic orthogonal rotational combination design with four factors and five levels. Functional models of agronomic characters and biomass of Ophiopogon japonicus were established for N,P2 O5,K2 O,organic fertilizer and Ophiopogon japonicus. The effects of N,P2 O5,K2 O and organic fertilizer application rates on agronomic characters,biomass and quality of Ophiopogon japonicus were studied. Through model analysis,N,P2 O5,K2 O and organic fertilizer had significant effects on agronomic traits,biomass and quality of Ophiopogon japonicus. N contributed most to leaf number,leaf length,tiller number,tuber number and water soluble extract content;P2 O5 contributed most to leaf width;K2 O contributed most to root length,fibrous root number,fresh fibrous root weight,dry fibrous root weight,dry stem and leaf weight,fresh yield and total saponin content;organic fertilizer contributed most to fresh weight of stem and leaf and dry yield. N-organic fertilizer had significant effect on stem and leaf dry weight;N-organic fertilizer interaction had significant effect on fresh yield;K2 O-organic fertilizer interaction had extremely significant effect on fresh yield and dry yield;N-K2 O interaction had significant effect on total saponin content of Ophiopogon japonicus;N-K2 O interaction and N-organic fertilizer interaction had significant effect on water-soluble extract content. The interaction of P2 O5-organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on the content of water-soluble extracts. Through frequency analysis and crossing optimization,the optimum fertilization schemes for high yield and quality of Ophiopogon japonicus were obtained as follows: N 676.75 ~ 819.16 kg/hm^2,P2 O5 183.07 ~ 206.30 kg/hm^2,K2 O 331.07 ~ 437.53 kg/hm^2 or 467.31 ~ 568.76 kg/hm^2,and commercial organic fertilizer 2 191.20 ~ 2732.40 kg/hm^2.