应用15N分析施氮量对弱筋小麦氮素吸收利用与产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on nitrogen uptake,utilization and yield of weak gluten wheat using 15N trace technique

为分析氮素水平对弱筋小麦植株氮素吸收利用的影响,以弱筋小麦品种宁麦13和扬麦13为材料,设置不同施氮水平(N 105、210和315 kg·hm^-2),应用15N示踪分析技术研究弱筋小麦植株氮素积累、转运与利用的变化。结果表明,弱筋小麦开花期、成熟期植株及成熟期籽粒氮素积累量均随施氮量增加而显著增加;来源于肥料氮和土壤氮均随施氮量增加而增加,且来源于土壤氮比例显著高于肥料氮。籽粒蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而增高。弱筋小麦花后营养器官氮素向籽粒的转运率为29.44%~41.25%,对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率为36.51%~60.89%,均随施氮量的增加而降低。2个小麦品种的氮肥生产效率、氮肥利用效率均表现为N105>N210>N315,且N315处理的氮素收获指数低于N105、N210处理,即弱筋小麦籽粒氮肥生产效率、氮肥利用效率随施氮量的增加而降低。本试验条件下,保证弱筋小麦籽粒品质的同时,又有相对较高的籽粒产量、氮肥生产效率和氮素利用效率,适宜的施氮量应在105~210 kg·hm^-2之间。

In order to analyze the effects of nitrogen levels on nitrogen absorption and utilization of weak gluten wheat plants,weak gluten wheat cultivars Ningmai13 and Yangmai13 were used as test materials and three nitrogen rates with 105,210,and 315 kg·hm^-2 were set up to study the variation regularity of nitrogen accumulation,translocation and utilization in weak gluten wheat. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulations of the plant in the weak gluten wheat at flowering,the plant and grains in the weak gluten wheat at maturing stages were significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. Both nitrogen from fertilizer and soil increased with increasing nitrogen rate,and the proportions of soil nitrogen were significantly higher than that of fertilizer nitrogen. The nitrogen translation efficiency of the vegetative organs of weak gluten wheat to grain was 29.44%~ 41.25%,and the nitrogen contribution proportion to grain was 36.51%~ 60.89%,both of them decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate. The nitrogen production efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of weak gluten wheat decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate. Under the conditions of this experiment,while ensuring the grain quality of weak gluten wheat,there is relatively high grain yield,nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency,the suitable nitrogen application rate should be between 105 and 210 kg·hm^-2.