硼钼对大蒜产量及吸收利用氮磷钾的影响

Effects of boron and molybdenum on yield and NPK uptake and utilization for garlic

采用田间试验,研究单施硼、钼和硼+钼配施对大蒜产量及氮磷钾吸收的影响。结果表明,硼、钼及其配合施用(B、Mo、B+Mo)比CK均增加大蒜蒜薹和蒜头产量,B+Mo最佳,蒜薹和蒜头产量分别为21 615.75和12 184.20 kg·hm^-2,比CK处理分别显著增加14.66%和26.64%,硼比对照分别增产蒜薹与蒜头6.83%与21.75%,钼比对照分别增产蒜薹与蒜头8.92%与22.02%;硼、钼及其配合施用均提高大蒜全株及各部分氮磷钾吸收量,B+Mo处理大蒜全株N、P2O5、K2O吸收量分别为223.65、42.15、134.55 kg·hm^-2,比CK分别显著增加17.03%、12.40%、10.74%。硼、钼及其配合施用使蒜头氮、磷、钾分配率比CK增加,硼、钼及其配合施用提高了大蒜氮磷钾肥(N、P2O5、K2O)养分效力系数,B+Mo的大蒜氮磷钾肥(N、P2O5、K2O)养分效力系数比CK分别增加17.88%、11.51%、10.95%。加权平均计算得到,每生产蒜薹1 000 kg+蒜头550 kg,及相应篙秆吸收带走N 10.39kg、P2O5 1.98 kg、K2O 6.42 kg,N∶P2O5∶K2O的比例为1∶0.19∶0.62,大蒜施肥的原则是适氮、控磷、慎钾,配合硼、钼肥。

The field experiments were conducted to study the effects of applying boron,molybdenum and boron+molybdenum on garlic yield and its uptake and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,boron,molybdenum and their combined application(B,Mo,B+Mo) increased the yield of garlic bolt and garlic.Combined application of boron and molybdenum(B+Mo treatment) had the best effect.The yield of garlic bolt and garlic were 21 615.75 and 12 184.20 kg·hm^-2,respectively,which were 14.66% and 26.64% higher than CK treatment. In the other hand,compared with CK treatment,boron treatment increased the yield of garlic bolt and garlic by 6.83% and 21.75%,respectively,and molybdenum treatment increased the yield of garlic bolt and garlic by 8.92% and 22.02%,respectively.Boron,molybdenum and their combined application increased the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in all parts of garlic.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake under B+Mo treatment were 223.65,42.15 and134.55 kg·hm^-2 respectively,which were 17.03%,12.40% and 10.74% higher than CK treatment.Boron,molybdenum and their combined application increased the distribution rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in garlic.The uptake of N,P and K under B+Mo treatment was 223.65,42.15 and 134.55 kg·hm^-2,respectively,which were 17.03%,12.40%and 10.74% higher than CK treatment.Compared with CK treatment,boron,molybdenum and their combined application increased the nutrient availability coefficient of N,P and K fertilizers in garlic of by 17.88%,11.51% and 10.95%respectively,and B+Mo treatment increased most.To calculate by the using weighted average method,it is calculated that each 1 000 kg of garlic bolt+550 kg of garlic,together with the stem,needs to absorb N 10.39,P2 O5 1.98 and K2 O 6.42 kg,the ratio of N∶ P2 O5∶ K2 O is 1∶0.19∶0.62.The principle of applying garlic fertilization is applying appropriate amount of nitrogen,controlling the amount of phosphorus,applying potassium carefully,and applying boron and molybdenum fertilizers in the mean while.