不同营养液浓度与喷雾频率对雾培马铃薯生长及产量的影响

Effects of different nutrition solution concentration and spray frequency on growth and yield of aeroponic potatoes

试验以营养液浓度为主区,喷雾频率为副区,马铃薯块茎形成前后为前期、后期,研究雾培条件下不同生育期不同营养液浓度与喷雾频率对马铃薯生长和产量的影响,为马铃薯原原种生产实践提供参考。营养液浓度梯度分别设为0.6 A∶0.8 A(前期∶后期)、0.8 A∶A、A∶1.2 A,用C0.6∶0.8、C0.8∶1、C1∶1.2表示,喷雾频率为40s/10 min∶40 s/20 min(喷雾/间隔,前期∶后期)、40 s/15 min∶40 s/25 min、40 s/20 min、40 s/30 min,用T10∶20、T15∶25、T20∶30表示,并采用主成分聚类分析对各处理进行综合排序与评价。结果表明:定植30 d,营养液浓度、喷雾频率及二者交互均可极显著增加马铃薯各部位干重且均为处理C0.8∶1T20∶30最大;定植60 d,各处理间生物量差异显著性较大且处理C1∶1.2T20∶30全株干重最大。各处理G≤3 g小薯在薯类分级中所占比例均最大,处理间3g<G≤5g小薯差异不大,但其他等级小薯差异较大,处理C1:1.2T15:25在单株薯数、单株薯重和折合产量上均最大。通过主成分聚类分析,处理C1:1.2T15:25得分最高,且各处理对雾培马铃薯生长的影响可聚为五类,处理C0.8:1T20:30与C1:1.2T15:25聚为一类,综合评价为一等;处理C0.6:0.8T10:20,C1:1.2T20:30和C0.6:0.8T15:25聚为一类,综合评价为二等;处理C0.8:1T15:25单独聚为一类,综合评价为三等;处理C0.6:0.8T20:30和C0.8:1和T10:20聚为一类,综合评价为四等;处理C1:1.2T10:20单独聚为一类,综合评价为五等。因此,适当加大营养液浓度,延长喷雾间隔时间有利于雾培马铃薯生长及产量增加。

The split-spot design was applied in this experiment,set the nutrient solution concentration was set as the main area,and the spray frequency as the sub-area.Pre-stage and late-stage were set up accoording to the formation of potato tubers.The effect of different nutrient concentration and spray frequency on potato growth and yield under different growth stages was studied by this experiment,which could provide a reference to practical production of original potato.The nutrient solution concentration gradient was set to 0.6 A∶0.8 A(pre-stage:late-stage),0.8 A∶ A, A∶1.2 A,with C0.6∶0.8,C0.8∶1,C1∶1.2,the spray frequency was set to 40 s/10 min∶40 s/20 min(spray/interval,pre-stage:late-stage),40 s/15 min:40 s/25 min,40 s/20 min: 40 s/30 min,which were expressed with by T10∶20,T15∶25,T20∶30,respectively,and the principal component cluster method was used to evaluate each the treatments,and sorted them comprehensively.The results showed that,30 days after planting,the nutrient solution concentration,the spray frequency and the interaction between two factors could significantly increased the dry weight of all parts of the potato and the treatment C0.8∶1 T20∶30 was the maximum;60 days after planting,the biomass difference between treatments was significant and treatment C1∶1.2 T20∶30 hads the largest dry weight of whole plant.Small potato as G ≤ 3 g of each treatment accounted for the largest proportion of potato grading,small potato as 3 g<G ≤ 5 g had a small difference between among treatments,but the difference btween for other grades was significaient.The single plant number,single plant weight and equivalent yield of treatment C1∶1.2 T15∶25 were the largest.Through principal component cluster analysis,the highest score was obtained by treatment C1∶1.2 T15∶25,and the effects of each treatment on the growth of potato in aeroponic cultivation could be clustered into five categories.Treatment C0.8∶1 T20∶30 and C1∶1.2 T15∶25 were clustered into one category,and the comprehensive evaluation was first-class;The treatment C0.6∶0.8 T10∶20,C1∶1.2 T20∶30 and C0.6∶0.8 T15∶25 were clustered into one category,and the comprehensive evaluation was secondclass;The treatment C0.8∶1 T15∶25 was clustered into one category,and the comprehensive evaluation was third-class;Treatment C0.6∶0.8 T20∶30 and C0.8∶1 T10∶20 were clustered into one category,and the comprehensive evaluation was fourth-class;Treatment C1∶1.2 T10∶20 was clustered into one category,and the comprehensive evaluation was fifth-class.Therefore,increasing the nutrient solution concentration and prolonging the spray interval time appropriately were beneficial to the growth and increase yield of the potato in the aeroponic cultivation system.