菌肥有机肥无机肥配施对灯盏花生长和有效成分的影响

Effects of microbial fertilizer,organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application on growth and active components of Erigeron breviscapus

中草药安全、高效、稳定的产量和有效成分是药用植物栽培的基本目标。以灯盏花为研究对象,研究有机肥、无机肥、微生物肥配施条件下灯盏花生物量和有效成分含量的变化,为灯盏花的高产、优质和合理施肥提供理论依据。试验采用完全随机区组设计,施肥模式有5种:不施任何肥料对照(CK)、菌肥与无机肥配施(处理1)、无机肥(处理2)、菌肥与有机肥配施(处理3)、有机肥(处理4)。试验研究了不同施肥处理下灯盏花出苗率、株高、叶片数、叶面积、SPAD值、鲜重、干重、灯盏乙素、总黄酮量的变化。结果显示:灯盏花种子细小,施肥有利于提高出苗率,与单施肥料相比,菌肥与有机肥配施(处理3)和菌肥与无机肥配施(处理1),提供了相对恒定的温度和消毒作用,种子萌发率较高。处理3和处理4的SPAD值虽然与处理1和处理2相比较低,但过高的SPAD会使灯盏花对光强发生趋异适应,可以预计处理3的植株所含的叶绿素值更接近其居群原生环境光照条件下所需的SPAD值。不同处理对鲜重、干重、有效成分的影响表现为处理3>处理4>处理1>处理2>对照(CK),说明有机肥对于灯盏花的初生代谢和次生代谢有重要作用,而菌肥的添加对有机肥的肥效起放大作用,或通过微生物的活动促进了矿质养分的活化,增强了植物对养分的利用率。

The safe,efficient,stable yield and active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine are the basic goal of medicinal plant cultivation.Taking Erigeron breviscapus as the research object,the changes of biomass and effective component content of Erigeron breviscapus under the condition of organic fertilizer,inorganic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer were studied,which provided the theoretical basis for the high yield,high quality and reasonable fertilization of Erigeron breviscapus.In this experiment,the total random block design was adopted.There were five treatments:No fertilizer(control check),combined application of inorganic fertilizer with bacterial fertilizer(treatment1),inorganic fertilizer(treatment2),combined application of organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer(treatment3),organic fertilizer(treatment4).The changes of emergence rate,plant height,leaf number,leaf area,SPAD value,fresh weight,dry weight,scutellarin and total flavonoids of Erigeron breviscapus under different fertilization treatments were studied.Results showed that the seeds of Erigeron breviscapus were fine and fertilization was beneficial to increase the emergence rate.Treatment 3 and treatment1 provided relatively constant temperature and disinfection effect,and the germination rate of seeds was higher than that of single fertilizer application.The SPAD value of treatment 3 and 4 was lower than that of treatment 1 and 2,but too high SPAD value would make Erigeron breviscapus adapt to light intensity.It can be predicted that the chlorophyll values of the plants under treatment 3 are closer to the SPAD values required by the populations in the primary environment.The effects of different treatments on fresh weight,dry weight and active components showed that treatment 3> treatment 4>treatment1> treatment 2> control check,which indicated that organic fertilizer played an important role in the primary and secondary metabolism of Erigeron breviscapus,and the addition of bacterial fertilizer enhanced the effect of organic fertilizer,or promoted the activation of mineral nutrients through the activities of microorganisms,and the utilization rate of plant nutrients was enhanced.