大棚蔬菜种植年限、种植茬口对土壤微生物的影响

Effect of vegetable planting years and rotation in greenhouse on soil microorganisms

利用土壤微生物平板计数方法,对寿光市、苍山县(现兰陵县)两个蔬菜产区的土壤微生物区系进行了研究。获得如下结果:(1)蔬菜种植年限对大棚土壤微生物的区系变化有显著的影响。苍山以种植4年、8年的土壤细菌最多,寿光以种植2年、6年的细菌数量最大,两蔬菜产区土壤细菌数量都以种植12年和7年最低;寿光市土壤真菌数量以种植3年、2年最高,苍山以8年、10年最高,两个区都以种植12年和7年的真菌量降低最多;寿光市土壤放线菌都以种植10年、5年最高,苍山县以2年、10年最高,超过6年下降加快。蔬菜大棚连续种植12年时,两地蔬菜大棚土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量都急剧减少。(2)蔬菜轮作有利于各种微生物数量维持较高的水平;单一蔬菜品种种植中,西红柿、大蒜对土壤细菌有不良影响,辣椒、大蒜能够抑制和减少土壤真菌数量,大蒜对放线菌有很强的抑制作用。(3)寿光市大棚蔬菜土壤微生物总量以黄瓜-架豆轮作最高,茄子的土壤微生物总量最少。苍山县土壤微生物总量以茄子-辣椒轮作种植最高,茄子、辣椒单一品种能够维持较高的土壤微生物水平,蔬菜轮作和茄子、辣椒单一种植均有利于提高土壤微生物总量。

Soil microbial plate counting method was used to study the soil microbial flora in two vegetable producing areas in Shouguang City and Cangshan County(now Lanling County).The following results were obtained:(1)The vegetable planting years has a significant effect on the fauna change of soil microbes in greenhouse. The highest soil bacteria number occurs after 4 years and 8 years’ planting at Cangshan,but 2 years and 6 years for Shouguang,and the lowest soil bacteria number in both vegetable producing areas occurs after 12 years and 7 years’ planting. The highest soil fungi number occurs after 8 years and 10 years’ planting at Cangshan,but 3 years and 2 years for Shouguang,and the lowest soil fungi number in both vegetable producing areas occurs after 12 years and 7 years’ planting. The highest soil actinomycetes number occurs after 2 years and 10 years’ planting at Cangshan,but 10 years and 5 years for Shouguang,and the lowest soil actinomycetes number occurs after 6 years’ planting. When the vegetable greenhouses were continuously planted for 12 years,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the vegetable greenhouse soils of the two places decreased drastically.(2)Vegetable rotation is conducive to maintaining the microorganism at a high level.In the cultivation of single vegetable types,tomatoe and garlic have adverse effects on soil bacteria,pepper and garlic can inhibit and reduce the number of soil fungi,and garlic has a strong inhibitory effect for actinomycetes.(3)The total amount of soil microorganisms in greenhouse vegetables in Shouguang City was the highest in cucumber-shelf rotation,and the total amount of soil microorganisms in eggplant was the least. The total amount of soil microbes in Cangshan County was the highest in eggplant-chili rotation.The single varieties of eggplant and pepper could maintain high soil microbial levels.Vegetable rotation,eggplant and pepper were beneficial to increase the number of soil microbial flora.