条垛堆肥-蚯蚓堆肥联合处理对堆肥产品性状的影响

The effect of combined pre-composting and vermicomposting of dairy manure on properties of compost products

蚯蚓粪逐渐成为一种优质的有机肥,然而蚯蚓处理对有机肥属性影响的机制和过程并不清楚。本文选用Rw发酵菌对牛粪和蘑菇渣先进行高温好氧堆肥预处理,然后接种蚯蚓,监测了蚯蚓处理前后堆肥中关键质量属性的变化。结果表明:联合堆肥温度、NH4^+-N含量、NH4^+-N/NO3^--N、T值、pH值、EC值、种子发芽指数均符合堆肥腐熟要求。联合堆肥显著提高了全磷含量、NO3^--N含量(P<0.05),增幅分别达到16.8%、1 286.1%;显著降低了有机质含量、全钾含量、pH值、EC值(P<0.05),分别降低35.9%、77.4%、12.6%、56.1%;但未显著降低NH4^+-N含量、全氮含量;显著提高了堆肥的品质,如T值从0.64降低到0.58,种子发芽指数从82.6%提高到90.6%(P<0.05)。

Earthworm feces has gradually become a good organic fertilizer,but the mechanism and process of earthworm processing on the properties of organic fertilizers are not clear. Mixtures of dairy manures and mushroom residues(volume ratio is 2 ∶1)by adding Rw fermentation bacteria were prepared to let the treatment temperature increase and maintain a period times of high-temperature. After the temperature was below 50 ℃,the earthworms were piled up for the treatment,and the processing physical and chemical properties of the treatment were analyzed after 45 days.The results showed that the composting temperature,NH4^+-N content,NH4^+-N/NO3^--N,T-value,pH value,EC value and seed germination index all met the maturity requirements. Combined composting significantly increased total phosphorus content and NO3^--N content(P<0.05) by 16.8% and 1 286.1% respectively,compared to the original mixture. However,the organic matter content,total potassium content,pH and EC value significantly(P<0.05) decreased by 35.9%,77.4%,12.6% and 56.1%respectively.In addition,the combined composting reduced the content of NH4^+-N and total nitrogen,but not significant(P>0.05);And it significantly improved the quality of compost,such as the T value of the combined compost was 0.58,which was lower than the T value(0.64) before adding earthworm and the seed germination index of the compost was 90.6%,which was significantly higher than that of the seeds before adding earthworm(82.6%)(P<0.05).