西方视野下中国改革“本土性”与“同一性”之争

The Debate Between “Nativity” and “Universality” Concerning China’s Reform: The Western Perspective

中国40年来改革的成功引起了国内外学者的普遍关注。对于海外学者而言,他们不仅惊诧于中国的成功,更惊诧于其改革独特的路径。因此,他们分析中国改革,不仅注重对其成功经验的分析,更注重对其特殊经验的解释。本文从制度、文化与社会关系三个方面梳理了海外学者的相关研究,并从中剖析有关“中国经验本土性”与“现代经济同一性”的争论。从中可以发现,海外学者或是直接将中国本土经验纳入既有的理论框架中,或是仅仅承认“中国特色”只是社会发展过程中的阶段性特征,都是将中国改革的特殊性解构、重组,并融入西方理论。只有首先形成一套关于中国经验完备的、系统的知识,才能真正实现中国经验与西方经验之间的有效对话。

The success of China’s reform in the past 40 years has attracted the attention of scholars worldwide.As far as the overseas scholars are concerned,they are not only impressed by China’s success,but even more so by the unique path China has adopted for her reform.As such,their analyses of China’s experience of reform have been focused on its uniqueness as much as on its success.This paper attempts to sort out the relevant researches of the overseas scholars under three headings:institution,culture,and social relations.These researches present for our analysis the debate between“the nativity of China’s experience”and“the commonality of modem economic development.”In these works,it can be found that the overseas scholars either try to fit Chinese indigenous experience into the existing theoretical framework,or simply recognize that the so-called“Chinese characteristics”only constitute a period or stage in China’s entire economic development process.The tendency of these researches is to deconstruct and reconstruct China’s particularities to square them with the existing theoretical framework.Only by the accumulation of a complete and systematic knowledge of China’s experience,can we truly achieve an effective dialogue between China and the West.