20世纪五六十年代土改房屋分配及其变迁研究——以山西省永济县为例

Housing Allocation and Its Change in the Land Reform in 1950s and 1960s:With Yongji County in Shanxi Province as An Example

土改时期的果实分配包括土地、房屋、牲畜、农具、粮食等,但对土改的研究多集中于土地问题,很少关注房屋分配及其变化。土改之前,农村房屋的占有不平等,经过土改,地主、富农的部分房屋分配给无房、少房的贫雇农,初始分配之后,有的贫雇农长期居住在所分配的房屋中,有的则被地主、富农通过合法买卖、合情合“礼”的习俗,甚至借助非法手段重新获得,其中糅合了乡村传统实践逻辑,革命话语下的“反攻倒算”等复杂因素,研究房屋初始分配及其变迁过程,对于深入理解中国乡村社会的传统,整体性把握土改对乡村社会的深远影响,具有重要的学术意义。

Property distribution during the Land Reform period included land,houses,livestock,farm tools,food,etc.,but researches have so far been mostly focused on the distribution of land and little attention has been paid to housing distribution and its change.Through the Land Reform,unequal housing occupation was changed by way of allocating part of the houses of the landlords and rich households to the poor or hired peasants who had few or no houses.After such initial allocation,some poor or hired peasants held on to their allocated houses for a long time,but others had their houses returned to the landlords or rich households either by legal buy-back,customary practices,or even illegal means.The processes showcase an interplay of complicated factors including traditional rural logic and so-called“counter-attack”described by the revolutionary jargon.To study the initial housing allocation and its subsequent changes will provide us with an in-depth understanding of the tradition of Chinese rural society and an overall comprehension of the profound influence of the Land Reform on rural society.