制度与生活:海洋秩序的渔民实践

Institutions and Life:Fishermen’s Autonomous Marine Order

当前学界对于海洋秩序的认识主要停留在国家主义的话语层面,认为海洋秩序是民族国家制度实践下的产物,忽视了渔民实践中的海洋秩序构建及其重要性。渔民实践中的海洋秩序主要表现在渔民群体日常生活的诸方面以及由此所形成的一系列传统、知识和规则,充分体现了渔民自身的能动性以及海洋的自由流动性,是一种自下而上的秩序生成。随着民族国家的发展以及市场化的推进,制度逐渐侵入和征服日常生活的方方面面,导致渔民实践中的海洋秩序逐步式微。面对外部的冲击和挑战,渔业社区自身固有的文化传统和机制通常会表现出一种对于外来事物的整合、吸收甚至超越的能力,而渔民亦会竭力维护传统。不过渔民并非一味地拒斥民族国家和现代性而坚守传统不变,有时他们也会根据实际生活的需要来调和两者之间的矛盾,策略性地周旋于传统与现代之间。

At present,our understanding of the marine order is locked in a nationalist view which holds that marine order is a product of the institution of nation-state.This view ignores the fishermen’s autonomous practice of marine order and its importance.The marine order practised by the fishermen is a bottom-up type of order constructed out of their daily life as well as the tradition,knowledge and rules formed by them.With the development of the nation-state and the market economy,institutions gradually invaded and conquered all aspects of the daily life of the fishermen,leading to the gradual decline of the marine order practised by them.In the face of such external challenges,the fishing communities demonstrate an inherent cultural tradition and mechanism that are capable of incorporating and even transcending external elements.The fishermen are bent on preserving their tradition,however,they know better than simply reject the nation-state and modernity and stay put to the tradition.Sometimes they make reconciliation between the traditional and the modem to suit the needs of their life and thus manoeuvre between the two strategically.