中国健康扶贫政策的沿革、现状与完善

History,Status and Improvement of Health Poverty Alleviation Policy in China

健康扶贫是精准扶贫的组成部分,也是当前扶贫工作的重要内容。健康扶贫政策的实施将推动中国、乃至全人类共同减贫目标的实现。改革开放以来,我国扶贫工作取得显著成效,但因病致贫、因病返贫的发生率仍然相对较高。文章首先回顾了我国健康扶贫政策的历史发展,然后从医疗保障、医疗、公共卫生三个方面系统总结了目前我国健康扶贫政策的主要内容,并发现实施中存在以下问题:流动人口健康扶贫制度不完善,基本医疗保险、医疗救助、临时救助制度衔接不良,对口帮扶主体单一,传统补偿方式加重医院负担,贫困地区居民心理健康重视不够、贫困地区健康环境的基础设施不完善等。最后提出相应建议以保障贫困人口享有基本健康权利。

Health Poverty Alleviation is an important part of targeted poverty alleviation. It is also important content of poverty alleviation work in China recently. The implementation of the health poverty alleviation policy will promote the realization of the common poverty reduction goal of China and even the whole mankind. Through the implementation of Reform and Opening up Policy, China made great progress in poverty alleviation. But we can't neglect these problems that the incidence of poverty and re-poverty caused by diseases is still high. This paper analyses the history and the major measures of health poverty alleviation policy in three aspects: medical services, medical insurance and public health services. There are some problems which are becoming increasingly prominent: The health poverty alleviation system of floating population is not perfect;The systems of basic medical insurance ,medical assistance and temporary assistance are poorly connected, the subject of counterpart assistance is unitary, traditional compensation methods increase the burden of hospitals, residents in poor areas pay insufficient attention to mental health, and the infrastructure of health environment in poor areas is imperfect. Finally, this paper also provides targeted suggestions to ensure poor people have the basic right to health.