中国城市中小学生营养状况认知现状分析

Nutrition status and self-rated nutrition and body shape among urban primary and middle school students in China

目的了解中国不同地区城市中小学生营养状况及认知现状,为儿童肥胖防治提供科学依据。方法于2017年3—6月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在7个“营养校园”试点区县抽取1755名8~17岁城区学生。测量晨起空腹身高、体重,通过问卷了解学生对营养状况的认知和满意度。结果调查学生的营养不良和超重肥胖检出率分别为11.5%和23.4%,分别有27.5%、49.0%、23.6%的学生认为自己营养不良、正常、超重肥胖。仅59.4%的学生对营养状况的认知与实际一致,27.9%低估,12.7%高估,一致性较差(Kappa=0.32,P<0.01);不同地区和营养状况学生对营养状况的认知不同。仅56.6%的学生对自己的体形感到满意,不同地区、性别、年级和营养状况学生对自己体形的满意度不同。结论学生对营养状况的认知存在偏差,低估现象较为普遍,对自己体形的满意度较低。

Objective To examine nutrition status and self-rated nutrition and body shape among urban middle and primary school students in various regions of China and to provide evidences for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Methods We selected 1 755 primary and middle school students aged 8 – 17 years using stratified random cluster sampling in urban areas of 7 counties or districts with Nutrition Campus Program across China. Height and weight measurement and a questionnaire survey were carried out among the students from March to June 2017. Results The prevalence rate malnutrition and overweight/obesity was 11.5% and 23.4% among the students. Among the students, 27.5%, 49.0% and 23.6% reported self rated malnutrition, normal weight, and overweight/obesity, respectively. Of all the students, only 59.4% reported the self-rated nutrition status consistent with the measurements of height and weight, with a significantly lower consistency rate (Kappa = 0.32, P < 0.01);27.9% and 12.7% reported underestimated and overestimated self-rated nutrition status. The consistency between self-rated and objectively assessed nutrition status differed by regions and nutrition status among the students. There were only 56.6% of the students reporting satisfaction to their body shape and the satisfaction ratio differed by region, gender, grade, and nutrition status among the students. Conclusion The biased, especially the underestimated, self-rated nutrition status and being unsatisfactory to body shape are prevalent among urban primary and middle school students in China.