湖南省工业地区夫妻暴力发生状况十年追踪调查

Spousal violence among employees of a large enterprise in Human province:a ten year comparison study

目的追踪比较湖南省工业地区夫妻暴力发生状况十年间的变化。方法分别于2001—2002年(2002年组)和2011—2012年(2012年组),由相同的调查员采用相同的家庭暴力调查问卷,对湖南省工业地区夫妻暴力发生状况进行调查。结果两组施暴者中男性分别占85.7%和69.2%,受虐者中女性分别占87.0%和69.1%,2组施暴者和受虐者的性别差异均有统计学意义(χ2=50.125、19.550,P=0.000);两组夫妻暴力发生的首位诱发因素均为子女教育问题(41.1%vs51.9%),最常见的暴力形式都是羞辱和谩骂(90.5%vs93.2%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2012年受虐者受到精神损伤和身体损伤的比例分别为35.3%和15.0%,明显高于2002年组的16.8%和4.2%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=9.481、6.897,P<0.01);2组施暴者认可夫妻暴力的比例分别为69.4%和50.8%,受虐者认可夫妻暴力的比例分别为54.3%和35.3%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.0125)。结论夫妻暴力仍以男性施暴为主,精神暴力是夫妻暴力最常见的形式,子女教育问题仍是诱发夫妻暴力的首要因素,受虐者受到较十年前更多的精神损伤和身体损伤,施暴者和受虐者对夫妻暴力的态度十年来无明显变化。

Objective To track and compare the status of spousal violence among employees of a large enterprise in Hunan province during a 10-year period. Methods Using stratified multistage random sampling among employees of a large state-owned enterprise in Xiangtan city of Hunan province, we conducted two waves of self-administered questionnaire survey among 95 persons in 100 households (2002 group) and 133 persons in 100 households (2012 group) identified with spousal violence with a same domestic violence questionnaire during two periods of 2001 – 2002 and 2011 – 2012. Results Among the participants of 2002 and 2012 group, the proportions of male violence perpetrators were 85.7% and 69.2% and the proportions of female victims were 87.0% and 69.1%, respectively, and there were significant gender differences in the two proportions between the two groups (χ2 = 50.125,χ2 = 19.550;both P < 0.001). The leading precipitating factor for the spousal violence incidences was the issue about their children′s education, which was reported by 41.1% and 51.9% of the participants for the 2002 and 2012 group. The most common form of spousal violence was verbal abuse, which was reported by 90.5% and 93.2% of the participants in 2002 and 2012 group, without significant difference (χ2 = 0.558, P > 0.05). Significantly higher ratio of spousal violence-induced mental disorder (35.3%) and body injury (15.0%) were reported by the victims in 2012 group than those (16.8% and 4.2%) in 2002 group (χ2 = 9.481,χ2 = 6.897;both P < 0.01). The proportions of perpetrator-recognized spousal violence were 69.4% and 50.8% and those of victim-recognized were 54.3% and 35.3% in 2002 and 2012 group, without significant differences (χ2 = 0.046,χ2 = 0.044;both P > 0.01). Conclusion Main perpetrators in spousal violence were males and psychological violence was the most common form of spousal violence. Child education issue was the leading precipitating factor of spousal violence. The victims of spousal violence in 2012 suffered from more mental disorder and physical injury than those in 2002 and attitude towards spousal violence did not change significantly during the 10 year period among both the perpetrators and victims.