吉林省某医院2014—2017年院内感染情况调查

Nosocomial infections in a hospital in Jilin province: 2014 – 2017

目的调查吉林省某医院2014—2017年院内感染情况,为防范措施制定提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查法,收集2014—2017年某医院患者院内感染病历资料,包括患者一般信息及院内感染发生情况,录入数据进行分析统计。结果2014—2017年住院例数9960例,共发生感染294例,感染率为2.95%,4年感染率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2014—2017年女性患者发生院内感染率均明显高于男性(P<0.05);各季度院内感染率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);院内感染率前5位科室分别为ICU(7.57%)、呼吸内科(5.08%)、肿瘤科(4.63%)、肛肠科(4.13%)、神经内科(3.85%);下呼吸道感染(34.35%)、泌尿系统感染(17.69%)、上呼吸道感染(14.63%)居感染部位前3位;共分离出221株病原菌,主要为革兰阴性菌(73.76%),真菌占比最低(5.43%),其中病原菌构成比最高为肺炎克雷伯菌(27.60%)。结论2014—2017年院内感染率呈逐年下降趋势,女性为感染主要群体,第3、4季度为高发季度。

Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infections in a hospital in Jilin province from 2014 to 2017, and to provide evidences for developing preventive measures. Methods We collected the data of 2014 – 2017 on incidences of nosocomial infection among inpatients in a hospital in Jilin province and analyzed the data retrospectively. Results Among the 9 960 person times hospitalizations, totally 294 nosocomial infections were diagnosed in the hospital during the 4-year period, with an incidence rate of 2.95%. Significant yearly and seasonal difference were observed in the incidence rate of nosocomial infections (both P < 0.05) and the incidence rate was significantly higher among the female inpatients than that among the male inpatients (P < 0.05). The top five departments with higher nosocomial infection rate were intensive care unit (7.57%), respiratory medicine (5.08%), oncology department (4.63%), anorectal department (4.13%), and neurology department (3.85%). Lower respiratory tract (34.35%), urinary tract (17.69%), and upper respiratory tract (14.63%) ranked the top three of the infection sites. Of the 221 pathogenic bacteria strains isolated among the nosocomial infecitions, 73.76% were Gram-negative bacteria and the most and the least frequently isolated pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.60%) and fungi (5.43%). Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infections decreased and the incidence rate was relatively higher among female inpatients and during the third and fourth quarter in a year between 2014 and 2017 in a hospital in Jilin province.