中国≥18岁人群膳食知识和态度现状及膳食知识素养影响因素分析

Status quo of dietary knowledge and attitudes and influencing factors of dietary health literacy among adult residents in China, 2015

目的了解中国≥18岁人群膳食知识和态度现状及膳食知识素养影响因素,为开展膳食营养健康教育提供参考依据。方法收集中国国家调查数据库中2015年中国健康与营养调查的全国15个省/市/自治区12836名≥18岁人群膳食知识调查数据,应用SPSS22.0统计软件分析中国≥18岁人群膳食知识和态度现状及膳食知识素养的影响因素。结果中国≥18岁人群膳食知识全部知晓率为4.70%,总体知晓率为65.94%,膳食宝塔或指南的知晓率为27.04%,主动了解膳食知识的态度持有率为27.64%,具备膳食知识素养比例为36.01%;中国≥18岁人群获取膳食知识最常用的3个途径依次为电视或电台(50.48%)、网络和书籍(22.27%)、报纸或杂志(14.74%);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度初中及以上、有工作、知晓膳食宝塔或指南和愿意主动了解膳食知识的≥18岁人群更易具备膳食知识素养,年龄35~44岁和农村户口的≥18岁人群更不易具备膳食知识素养。结论中国≥18岁人群膳食知识和态度水平均较低,应重点加强农村户口、文化程度较低、无工作的35~44岁人群膳食知识的宣传工作。

Objective To examine current status of dietary knowledge , attitudes and influencing factors of dietary health literacy among Chinese people aged 18 and over in 2015 and to provide evidences for conducting health education on dietary nutrition. Methods The data on dietary knowledge among 12 836 residents over 18 years old in 15 provinces/municipalities/ autonomous regions of China were extracted from the database of National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2015. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used in data analysis. Results Among the participants, only 4.70% were aware of all the 17 items of dietary knowledge listed in the survey;the overall awareness rate for dietary knowledge was 65.94%;the awareness rate for diet pyramid or food guide pyramid was 27.04%;27.64% reported an active attitude towards obtaining dietary knowledge;and 36.01% were assessed as having adequate dietary health literacy, respectively. The reported common ways to obtain dietary knowledge were television or radio (reported by 50.48% of the participants), internet (22.27%), and books, newspapers or magazines (14.74%). Multivariate unconditional logistic analysis indicated that the participants with the education of junior high school and above, being employed, being aware of diet pyramid or food guide pyramid, and having a willingness to obtain dietary knowledge actively were more likely to have adequate dietary health literacy;while, those aged 35 – 44 years and with rural household registration were less likely to have adequate dietary health literacy. Conclusion The dietary health literacy and positive attitude towards the literacy are at a low level among adult residents in China and dietary health education should be promoted among populations in rural regions, aged 35 – 44 years, with low education, and not being employed.