论承认和执行外国判决的美国法困境——中国的因应与殷鉴

The Dilemma of American Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgements——A Chinese Perspective

在承认和执行外国判决领域,美国法经历了州法逐渐取代联邦普通法的发展变迁,并由此陷入国家利益与州利益难以兼顾的困境,这对中国具有多重意义:在司法协助层面,人民法院裁定是否承认和执行美国判决,须以判决作出州的州法为依据;为便利中国判决在美国得到承认和执行,相关当事方可制定针对性的诉讼策略。在立法层面,美国法困境表明在该领域制定全国统一的规则体系极为重要。在相关公约的缔结层面,国内法困境使美国有推进缔约的现实需要,这对我国制定缔约方案特具价值。

In the field of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgement, American federal common law has given way to states law. Because of the diversity of states law, modern American law is caught in the conflicts between federal interests and states interests, which is indicative at multiple levels for China. With regard to judicial cooperation, when reviewing an American judgement, Chinese courts should rely on the law of the state where the judgement was rendered. Meanwhile, the dilemma of American law provides a backdoor to facilitate recognizing and enforcing Chinese judgements in the U.S. At the legislative level, the American law dilemma suggests the importance of a uniform national system in this field. With regard to the participation of international treaty, the domestic law dilemma entails the American government be active in concluding such treaties which is of particular relevance for China.