超越“保障权”与“财产权”：宅基地改革的治理路径探析——基于江西“余江宅改”的案例分析

Transcending "Safety Right" and "Property Right" :Analysis of the Governance Path of Homestead Reform——Based on the Case Study of Jiangxi "Yujiang Housing Reform"

当前宅基地一户多宅、面积超标、违规占地等问题,本质上是村社集体土地管理能力落后所产生的土地资源低效配置问题。既有保障权视角和财产权视角下的宅基地改革研究,难以有效回应当前绝大多数农村地区绝大多数农户生产生活痛点问题。基于江西余江宅改的案例分析表明:通过宅改,组建村民理事会,发挥乡贤带头示范效应,充分利用熟人社会内部的群众动员机制,并围绕项目竞争有效构筑利益激励机制,可有效激发宅基地的社会属性,在嵌入乡村振兴战略框架的过程中提升土地管理能力、充分激活村民自治、有效整治空心村、实现乡村规划引领和促进乡村有效治理,并最终回应新时代广大农村居民对美好生活的向往。适用于广大中西部传统农区的余江宅改,为当前我国宅基地制度改革提供了超越“保障权”和“财产权”的第三条道路。

At present, the problems of multiple housing, over-standard, and illegal land occupation in the homestead are essentially the problem of inefficient allocation of land resources caused by the backward col- lective land management ability of village communities. The existing research on homestead reform from the perspective of safety rights and property rights is difficult to effectively respond to the current production and living pains of the vast majority of farmers in most rural areas. Based on the case study of the housing reform in Yujiang county, Jiangxi province, it is shown that through the housing reform, the villagers' council is set up, the demonstration effect of the township sage is taken into account, the mass mobilization mechanism with- in the acquaintance society is fully utilized, and the interest incentive mechanism is effectively built around the project competition. The above measures have stimulated social attributes of the house site, and enhanced the land management capacity, fully activated the villager autonomy, effectively renovated the hollow village, realized the rural planning to lead and promote the effective governance of the village, and finally responded to the vast rural residents' yearning for a better life in the new era, in the process of embedding the rural revi- talization strategic framework. The Yujiang housing reform, which is applicable to the vast traditional rural ar- eas in the central and western regions, provides the third road beyond the "right to protect" and "property rights" for the current reform of the housing system in China.