骨组织工程多孔生物支架设计研究进展

Review of the Design of Porous Bio-scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

由人口老龄化、严重不愈合骨折等引起的骨缺损,使人们对人工骨替代物的需求急剧增加。支架作为骨缺损的人工骨替代物,在骨组织工程新骨再生中起到至关重要的作用。人体不同组织(硬骨和软骨),甚至是相同组织的不同部位(骨骼的中部和外部)对支架的力学性能、内部微观结构和孔隙率等参数的要求都不尽相同。如何在理想生物材料的基础上,模拟天然骨的性能和结构,设计出具有可控力学性能、结构和渗透率等性能的支架,一直困扰着组织工程研究者。综述了多孔骨支架在设计成型方面近年来国内外代表性的研究工作,重点探究了多孔支架设计方法,阐述了多孔支架在骨组织工程应用中面临的挑战,为深入开展可控多孔支架的研究和应用提供一定的参考。

Due to the aging of the population, severe nonunion fracture and other bone defects, the demand for artificial bone substitutes has increased dramatically. As an artificial substitute for bone defects, scaffolds play a crucial role in new bone regeneration for bone tissue engineering. Different tissues of the human body(bone and cartilage), and even different parts of the same tissue(the central part and the external part of bone), have different requirements for the mechanical properties, internal microstructure and porosity of the scaffolds. How to simulate the performance and structure of natural bone on the basis of ideal biological materials, design a scaffold with controllable mechanical properties, gradient pore structure and permeability, has been plaguing tissue engineering researchers. The representative research work of porous bone scaffolds in design and molding has been reviewed in recent years. The design methods of porous scaffolds are mainly explored. The challenges of porous scaffolds are expounded in bone tissue engineering applications. The review provides a reference for the further research and application of controllable porous scaffolds.